四皓隐地地望稽疑——以对商山的考察为中心

A Study on the Secluded Places of Sihao--Centered on the Investigation of Shangshan

汉晋时期关于四皓隐地有南山、商雒深山、商山、商洛山等说法,都是指较大的地域范围,商山亦是商雒深山或商洛山的简称,并非狭义上的某县之山。汉晋时期四皓故事逐渐丰富,一是产生了多样而具体的隐地,二是大都集中在以上洛(今商州)为中心的区域,这也是关于中古四皓隐地的两个研究发展趋势。直到唐代,上洛仍是四皓故事的中心,商山也逐渐成为地理实体,被视为上洛县之山。隋唐时期商洛政区更名变动频繁,古商县被改名商洛县(今丹凤),上洛郡几次更名商州,由此带来地望混乱,商山又被视为商洛县之山。两个商山出现后,各自有了文献记载和景观营造,其中以四皓墓最为典型。

In the Han and Jin dynasties,there were Nanshan,Shangshan,Shangluo(商雒)Deep Mountain,Shangluo(商洛)Mountain,etc.Related to the secluded places of Sihao,all of which refer to a large geographical area.Shangshan is also the abbreviation of Shangluo(商雒)Deep Mountain or Shangluo(商洛)Mountain,not a county mountain in a narrow sense.During the Han and Jin dynasties,the stories of Sihao were gradually enriched,one is that there were various and specific secluded places,and the other is that most of them were concentrated in Shangluo(上洛)(now Shangzhou)as the center area,which is also the two development trends of Sihao hidden places in the Middle Ages.Until the Tang Dynasty,Shangluo(上洛)was still the center of the Sihao story,and Shangshan gradually became a geographical entity and was regarded as the mountain of Shangluo(上洛)County.In Sui and Tang Dynasties,the name change of Shangluo(商洛)administrative district was frequent,ancient Shang County was renamed Shangluo(商洛)County(now Danfeng),Shangzhou County was renamed several times,which brought confusion,and Shangshan was regarded as the mountain of Shangluo(上洛)County.After the emergence of the two Shangshans,they have their own literature records and landscape construction,among which the Sihao Tombs are the most typical.