元代戏曲中的屠夫书写

On Writing of Butcher in Yuan Dynasty Operas

我国现存七部涉及屠夫形象的元代戏曲,从性格、品质、思想三个方面呈现了元代市井屠夫的真实面貌。相较于前代,元代文人在刻画“屠夫”一类人物形象时,不仅展现出去传奇化而近世俗化的新特点,还摆脱了杀生有罪观,注重表现屠夫的正面品质。同时,元代戏曲中的屠夫形象在一定程度上反映了文人的精神世界,即他们对儒家政治理想的坚守和对道家超脱世俗的向往。元代戏曲中的屠夫书写为人们了解元代社会提供了独特的视角和生动的材料。

In China's surviving Yuan Dynasty operas,seven distinct pieces showcase the butcher's image,painting a vivid portrayal of this urban professional from the angles of character,virtue,and ideology.Contrasting previous eras,the Yuan literati,while delineating the"butcher"archetype,shifted from the legendary to a more relatable,secular representation,emphasizing the positive traits of the butcher and discarding the traditional notion of sin associated with killing.Intriguingly,these portrayals of butchers in Yuan theater somewhat mirror the literati's own spiritual milieu:their unwavering commitment to Confucian political ideals juxtaposed with a Taoist yearning for transcendence from the mundane.Hence,the nuanced depictions of butchers in Yuan Dynasty operas offer a unique and vibrant window into the era's societal fabric.