胆道支架的研究现状

Current research status of biliary stents

胆道疾病是我国肝胆系统常见疾病类型,发病率较高,且相关并发症是严重影响患者健康的重要原因。胆道支架主要用于缓解和解除良恶性胆道狭窄和梗阻,具有创伤小、安全性高、符合胆道生理解剖结构等特征,已成为无法根治性切除的胰胆肿瘤引起的胆道梗阻首选姑息型治疗手段。然而,目前常用的胆道支架因细菌黏附、胆汁淤积、支架阻塞、支架迁移等缺点,未能达到理想治疗效果。近年来众多学者对胆道支架堵塞成因、改进支架设计、延长引流时效等方面进行了广泛而深入的研究和尝试,取得了一些进展。本文对各类胆道支架的类型、优缺点及发展史进行综述,并展望了胆道支架未来的研究方向和应用价值。

Biliary tract diseases are a common type of hepatobiliary diseases in China and have a relatively high incidence rate,and related complications are important influencing factors for the health of Chinese patients.Biliary stents are mainly used to alleviate and relieve benign or malignant biliary stricture and obstruction,with the features of little trauma,high safety,and in line with the physiological and anatomical structure of biliary tract,and it has become the preferred palliative treatment method for biliary obstruction caused by unresectable pancreaticobiliary tumors.However,there is still a lack of satisfactory treatment outcomes since commonly used biliary stents have the shortcomings such as bacterial adhesion,cholestasis,stent obstruction,and stent migration.In recent years,scholars have conducted extensive and in-depth studies on the causes of biliary stent obstruction,the improvement of stent design,and the extension of drainage duration and have made certain progress.This article reviews the types,advantages and disadvantages,and development history of biliary stents and proposes the future research directions and application value of biliary stents.