企业技术创新决策主体:内涵、特征及影响因素

The Decision-making Subjects of Enterprise Technological Innovation:Connotation,Characteristics,and Influencing Factors

紧密结合我国经济体制转型的实践进展,以制度经济学的企业理论为分析工具,解析了企业技术创新决策主体的基本内涵,阐述了企业技术创新决策主体的基本特征;同时探讨了经济转型背景下,我国企业技术创新决策主体地位形成的影响因素;将企业技术创新主体地位建设作为一个系统,探讨了技术创新决策主体与技术创新投入主体、技术创新组织主体、技术创新需求主体、技术创新价值主体之间的关系,以期为我国企业技术创新主体地位建设提供参考。

Enhancing the position of enterprises as the main force in technological innovation and leveraging the leading and supporting role of technology-oriented backbone enterprises are crucial measures for creating a favorable environment for the growth of technology-oriented small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),and promoting the deep integration of innovation chain,industry chain,capital chain,and talent chain.This is an important strategic decision made by the Party Central Committee to improve China's economic development level in response to changes in the domestic and international situation,and it has significant guiding significance for actively playing the role of technological innovation in promoting high-quality economic development in the future.Strengthening the position of enterprises as the main force in innovation is a key measure for building China into a world-leading science and technology power.Based on a review of relevant research on the system of enterprise innovation subjects and the relationship between decision-making subjects and other subjects.Firstly,this paper closely combines with the progress of China's economic system transformation,and uses the theory of institutional economics as an analytical tool to analyze the basic connotation of the decision-making subjects of enterprise technological innovation.It believes that the research on the decision-making subjects of enterprise technological innovation should focus on the functional characteristics and driving mechanisms of the decision-making subjects of enterprise technological innovation,that is,what is the social and economic function of enterprises as decisionmaking subjects of technological innovation?What factors influence the decision-making of technological innovation in enterprises?How do these factors work?Secondly,this paper expounds the basic characteristics of the decision-making subjects of enterprise technological innovation.It believes that the decision-making subjects of technological innovation in enterprises have three levels of characteristics:linking function characteristics,behavioral characteristics,and status characteristics.From the perspective of decision-making goals and their implementation,the core function of the decision-making subjects of enterprise technological innovation is to create new market demand,explore potential demand,identify effective demand,and select solutions to meet demand.From the perspective of the generation mechanism of technological innovation decision-making,intrinsic demand-driven and voluntary autonomy are the basic behavioral characteristics of the decision-making subjects of enterprise technological innovation.From the perspective of the interaction relationship between the elements of the functional system of enterprise technological innovation subjects,the decision-making subjects of technological innovation are the core elements of enterprises as technological innovation subjects.Thirdly,this paper discusses the factors influencing the formation of the position of the decision-making subjects of technological innovation in enterprises under the conditions of economic transformation in China.It analyzes the factors influencing the construction of decision-making subjects of technological innovation in enterprises from three aspects:market demand for technology innovation and competitive environment,institutional mechanisms and policy factors,and the development vision and actual capabilities of enterprises themselves.Then,it systematically explores the relationship between the decision-making subjects of technological innovation and the investment subjects,organizational subjects,demand subjects,and value subjects of technological innovation,in order to provide reference for the construction of the position of the decisionmaking subjects of technological innovation in Chinese enterprises.Finally,it draws conclusions and conducts discussions.The establishment of the position of the decision-making subjects of technological innovation in enterprises is not simply an enterprise behavior.It is determined by the structure of the system of decision-making subjects of enterprise technological innovation and constrained by the social environment of decision-making for technological innovation in enterprises.The key to establishing the position of the decision-making subjects of technological innovation in Chinese enterprises lies in rebuilding the relationship between enterprises and the government.