农业强国目标下作物育种科技与装备创新:态势、挑战与路径

Seed industry technology and equipment under the goal of agricultural power:Situation,challenge and path

剖析了实现农业强国目标对育种科技与装备创新发展的现实需求,分析了作物育种科技与装备发展的成效与趋势。当前中国作物育种科技与装备创新水平已步入跟跑、并跑和领跑并存的新阶段。但是锚定农业强国目标,中国作物育种科技与装备发展距实现种业科技自立自强、种源自主可控,赋能粮食和重要农产品保障能力稳步提升还有较大差距,在种质资源保护与利用、生物育种基础研究、前沿育种核心技术研发、先进适用的育种装备研制、种业企业自主创新等方面均存在短板弱项。提出应从加快构建中国式新型育种创新体系、推动种质资源开放共享和保护利用、攻克育种关键核心技术、加强育种装备研发与应用创新、开展育种创新政策试验等5个维度,全方位推动育种科技与装备创新发展,切实筑牢农业强国建设的根基。

The core tool to realize agricultural power lies in scientific and technological innovation.Seed industry,as the"chip"of agriculture,technology and equipment innovation of crop seed industry is the primary driving force to build agricultural power.Based on the analysis of the practical demand for the innovation and development of seed industry technology and equipment to achieve the goal of agricultural power,this paper deeply summarized and analyzed the effect and trend of the development of crop seed industry technology and equipment.At present,the innovation level of science and technology and equipment of crop seed industry in our country has stepped into a new stage of following and leading.However,anchoring the goal of agricultural power,there is still a big gap between the development of science and technology and equipment of crop seed industry in our country and the realization of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-control of seed source,and the steady improvement of the ability to guarantee grain and important agricultural products.There are some weaknesses in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources,basic research of biological breeding,research and development of cutting-edge breeding core technology,research and development of advanced and applicable breeding equipment,and independent innovation of seed industry enterprises.Therefore,it is necessary to comprehensively promote the innovation and development of science,technology and equipment of seed industry from five dimensions,namely speeding up the construction of a new type of seed industry innovation system,promoting the open sharing,protection and utilization of germplasm resources,overcoming the key core technology of seed industry,strengthening the research and development and application innovation of seed industry equipment,and carrying out the policy experiment of seed industry innovation,so as to lay a solid foundation for the construction of an agricultural power.