巴西农业科技创新:体制机制、特征成效、启示借鉴

Agricultural science and technology innovation in Brazil:Institutional mechanisms,characteristics and results,enlightenment and reference

采用文献调研法、历史脉络梳理法及网络访谈等方式,系统梳理巴西农业科技创新体制机制。研究发现,重视农业科技创新体系规划与整体设计、强调农业科技创新要服务于产业发展需求、注重农业科技创新国际交流与合作等是巴西农业科技创新体制机制的基本特征。目前在精准农业、生物经济、生物控制、生物固氮、转基因技术等领域取得了大量成果,推动巴西农业转型发展。借鉴巴西经验,中国可进一步加快区域研究中心与农产品研究所布局与建设、制定“卡脖子”关键技术创新计划、加强农业科技创新成果转化与推广、加快制定全球性农业科技创新战略计划等,逐步健全中国农业科技创新体系,助力2035年农业农村现代化发展目标的实现。

Agricultural science and technology innovation is an important magic weapon for the rapid development of Brazil's agriculture and the significant improvement of its international competitiveness.This study systematically combs the institutional mechanism of agricultural science and technology innovation in Brazil by means of literature research,historical context sorting and network interview.It is found that the Brazilian agricultural science and technology innovation system and mechanism has the basic characteristics of attaching importance to the planning and overall design of the agricultural science and technology innovation system,emphasizing that the agricultural science and technology innovation should serve the needs of industrial development,and focusing on the international exchange and cooperation of agricultural science and technology innovation.At present,a large number of achievements have been made in the fields of precision agriculture,bio-economy,biological control,biological nitrogen fixation,and transgenic technology,which have promoted the transformation and development of Brazil's agriculture.In the future,referring to the experience of Brazil,China can further speed up the regional research center and agricultural research institute of the layout and construction,formulate key technology innovation plans for"stuck necks",strengthen the transformation and promotion of agricultural science and technology innovation achievements,and accelerate the formulation of global agricultural science and technology innovation strategic plans,gradually improve China's agricultural science and technology innovation system,and help achieve the development goals of agricultural and rural modernization in 2035.