3~6岁儿童24小时动作行为与体脂率的关联性研究

A Study on the Correlation between Movement Behaviors and Body Fat Percentage of Children 3-6 Years Old

目的:探究3~6岁儿童24小时动作行为(睡眠,静坐行为,身体活动)是否与体脂率相关,以及24小时动作行为中身体行为的时间改变与体脂率变化的剂量-效应。方法:以373名学龄前儿童(男童195名,女童178名)为被试,使用三轴加速度传感器测量身体活动和静坐行为,使用睡眠问卷调查睡眠时长,使用儿童型人体成分分析仪测量体脂率,使用独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析、多元回归分析和成分数据分析对它们之间的关联进行探究。结果:(1)24小时动作行为的时间分布与体脂率的整体关联具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01);(2)相对于其他身体行为,仅中高强度身体活动(MVPA)和体脂率相关具有显著性(P<0.01);(3)伴随MVPA等时替代其他行为时间的增加,体脂率下降,然而一旦其他行为尤其是低强度身体活动(LPA)等时替代MVPA的时间增加,体脂率会迅速上升;(4)MVPA不变时,LPA和睡眠时长(SP)等时替代静坐行为(SB)以及SP等时替代LPA部分时间以后,体脂率也有所下降。结论:不同身体行为所花费时间的相互替代与3~6岁儿童体脂率的关联不同,其中MVPA的时间占比尤为重要。未来教育者改善3~6岁儿童的体脂率时需着眼于行为整体,其中通过增加MVPA和降低LPA是改善3~6岁儿童体脂率的有效方法之一。

Objective To explore whether movement behaviors is related to body fat percentage(BF%)of chil⁃dren aged 3-6,and the time-effect of changes in movement behavior and BF%.Methods Three hundred and seventy-three preschool children(195 boys and 178 girls)were selected as subjects.Three-axis accelerometers were used to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior,sleep questionnaires were employed to investi⁃gate the sleep duration,and a child-type body composition analyzer was used to measure BF%.Then,the corre⁃lation among the above measurements was explored using the independent sample t test,one-way analysis of variance,multiple regression analysis and composition data analysis.Results The overall correlation between the time distribution of the movement behaviors and BF%was of statistical significance(P<0.01).No physical behaviors except the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)was significantly correlated with BF%(P<0.01).The average BF%decreased with the increase of time of other behaviors,with no change in the duration of MVPA.However,once MVPA was replaced by the light physical activity(LPA),the average BF%increased rapidly.With no change in MVPA,if the sedentary behavior was replaced by LPA or sleep,or LPA was done by sleep,the average BF%also decreased.Conclusion The mutual substitution of time spent on different physical behaviors is differently associated with BF%of children aged 3-6,and the time spent on MVPA is particularly important.In the future,educators need to focus on the overall behavior when optimizing the BF%of such chil⁃dren,and it is one of the effective ways to increase their MVPA and reduce their LPA.