福建省2012—2021年戊型病毒性肝炎流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis E in Fujian Province from 2012 to 2021

目的 分析福建省2012—2021年戊型病毒性肝炎(简称戊肝)疫情特征,为今后的戊肝防治工作提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对2012—2021年福建省戊肝疫情资料进行分析。结果 2012—2021年间,福建省共报告戊肝病例8 877例,报告发病率总体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=458.14,P<0.001),2020年报告发病率最低1.32/10万,年平均报告发病率2.29/10万。冬春季为发病高峰,3—4月份报告发病数较多(2 146例,占24.17%),9月份平均报告病例最少(571例,占6.43%);地市间报告发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=1 877.75,P<0.01),年平均报告发病率平潭综合实验区最高,为6.03/10万,漳州市最低,为0.94/10万。男性病例数高于女性,男女性别比2.04∶1;发病以中老年为主,40~<65岁报告病例数最多,占总病例的57.44%(5 099/8 877)。报告发病最多的为50~<55岁年龄组,<50岁报告发病数随着年龄的增长呈升高趋势,≥50岁报告发病数随着年龄的增长呈降低趋势。职业以农民发病构成比最高,占34.49%(3 062例)。结论 福建省2012—2021年戊型病毒性肝炎报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,2020年因受新型冠状病毒肺炎影响,报告发病率最低,但未能真实反应发病情况,从而影响戊肝的发病趋势。针对重点地区和重点人群,应加大宣传力度,加强卫生知识和戊肝疫苗预防接种相结合的防控措施,加强戊肝的监测力度和诊断能力,控制和降低戊肝疫情。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis E in Fujian Province from 2012-2021,and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of hepatitis E in the future.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze hepatitis E cases in Fujian Province from 2012 to 2021.Results From 2012 to 2021,a total of 8877 cases of hepatitis E were reported in Fujian Province from 2012-2021.The overall incidence rate showed a decreasing trend(χ^(2) _(trend)=458.14,P<0.001),with the lowest incidence rate of 1.32/100000 in 2020 and an annual average incidence rate of 2.29/100000 per year.The incidence was higher in winter and spring,with the months of March and April having the highest number of reported cases(2146,24.17%)and the fewest cases were reported in September(571,6.43%).The difference in reported incidence rates between cities was statistically significant(χ^(2)=1877.75,P<0.01).The comprehensive experimental zone of Pingtan had the highest average reported incidence rate of 6.03/100000,while Zhangzhou had the lowest at 0.94/100000.The number of male cases was higher than the number of female cases,with a male to female ratio of 2.04∶1.The disease was most prevalent among middle-aged and elderly individuals,with the age group of 40-<65 years having the highest number of reported cases,accounting for 57.44%(5099/8877)of all cases.The age group of 50-<55 years had the highest reported incidence,with the number of reported cases increasing with age below 50 years,but decreasing with age over 50 years.As for occupational distribution,peasants had the highest proportion of the disease,accounting for 34.49%(3062 cases)of the total cases.Conclusions The reported incidence rate of hepatitis E in Fujian showed a downward from 2012 to 2021.Due to the impact of COVID-19,incidence of the lowest was 2020,but it did not reflect the true situation of the disease,which may have affected trend of hepatitis E.In order to control and reduce the incidence of hepatitis E,efforts should be made to increase publicity and education on health knowledge and vaccination among key areas and populations,strengthen monitoring and diagnostic capability,and implement comprehensive prevention and control measures.