胆囊结石形成风险因素研究进展和成石期预防策略

Progress in risk factors for gallstone formation and prevention strategies for stony stage

胆囊结石是常见病、多发病,继发感染和癌变会严重影响患者健康。不同地区的学术组织发布了多个指南和共识,推动了胆囊结石的规范性诊治。然而在临床实践中,多是症状性胆囊结石被治疗,而忽视了胆囊结石的形成和预防过程,使得"治未病"的概念没有得到加强。本文综述了胆囊结石形成的风险因素和形成机制的相关研究进展,指出了在结石形成期间有效预防的重要性。在胆囊结石成石期,通过损伤因素和保护因素两个方面着手分析结石形成的高风险因素,可以筛选出结石形成的高危风险人群。依据胆囊结石的病理生理进展状况,可以针对胆囊结石成石期制定个性化的预防和随诊策略。

Gallstone is a common and frequent disease and frequent incidence,secondary infection and cancer seriously affect the health of patients.Academic organizations in different regions have issued multiple guidelines and consensus to promote the normative diagnosis and treatment of gallstones.However,in clinical practice,most symptomatic gallstones are treated,while the formation and prevention process of gallstones are ignored,making the concept of treating without a disease has not been strengthened.This article reviews the risk factors and mechanisms of gallstone formation,and points out the importance of effective prevention during stone formation.In the stage of gallstone formation,the high risk factors of stone formation can be analyzed through two aspects of injury factors and protective factors,and the high risk groups of stone formation can be screened out.According to the pathophysiological progression of gallstones,personalized prevention and follow-up strategies can be developed for the stone formation stage of gallstones.