植物生长调节剂对大豆-玉米带状间作农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Soybean-Maize Strip Intercropping

【目的】塑造大豆和玉米理想株型,为大豆-玉米带状复合种植中协同化控技术的应用提供理论支撑。【方法】以大豆-玉米带状间作系统为对象,采用二因素裂区试验设计,分别研究在2种喷药时期T1(大豆初花期)、T2(大豆分枝期和初花期)下,5种植物生长调节剂即PD(30%多效唑·甲哌鎓)、SD(30%烯效唑·甲哌鎓)、PP333(15%多效唑)、S3307(5%烯效唑)、DPC(25%甲哌鎓)对大豆和玉米农艺性状及产量的影响。【结果】农艺性状方面,与CK相比,T2中PD处理的大豆和玉米株高分别降低了34.30%、5.03%;PD处理的大豆茎粗和S3307处理的玉米茎粗分别增加了9.10%、3.97%;PD处理的大豆第1节间长度、平均节间长度、倒伏率分别降低了13.58%、34.91%、72.78%,分枝数增加了97.33%。叶片方面,T2中PD处理后大豆和玉米的叶面积指数分别降低了4.43%、2.13%;玉米叶片SPAD值提高了2.97%,而S3307处理的大豆叶片SPAD值提高21.80%。产量方面,T1中,PD、PP333处理的大豆有效株数、玉米单株穗粒数分别高于CK8.20%、2.56%,SD处理大豆增产22.10%;T2中,S3307、PD处理的大豆单株粒数和百粒重各提高了12.57%、7.97%,SD、PD处理的玉米千粒重、产量分别增加了6.22%、13.32%,PD处理系统产量最高,增产了14.50%。【结论】2种喷药时期下,5种植物生长调节剂均降低了两作物株高、大豆倒伏率并增加了产量,其中大豆分枝期和初花期各喷施1次30%多效唑·甲哌鎓能更好地降高控旺,增加系统产量。

【Objective】The objective of this study is to create the ideal plant type of soybeans and maize,and thus to provide theoretical support for the application of synergistic chemical control technology in soybean-maize strip compound planting.【Method】In this experiment,the soybean-maize strip inter⁃cropping system was used as the object,and the two-factor split-plot experimental design was adopted.The effect of five plant growth regulators,namely PD(30%paclobutrazole·methylpiperium),SD(30%uniconazole·methylpiperium),PP333(15%paclobutrazole),S3307(5%uniconazole),DPC(25%methylpiperidium),on agronomic traits and yields of soybeans and maize,were studied under the two spraying stages T1(soybean first flowering stage),and T2(soybean branching stage and first flowering stage). 【Result】 With regard to agronomic traits, compared with CK, the plant heights of soybeans and maize treated with PD in T2 decreased by 34.30% and 5.03%, respectively. The soybean stem thickness treated with PD and the maize stem thickness treated with S3307 increased by 9.10% and 3.97%, respec⁃ tively. The first internode length, average internode length and lodging rate of soybeans treated with PD decreased by 13.58%, 34.91% and 72.78%, respectively, and the number of branches increased by 97.33%. In terms of leaves, the leaf area indices of soybeans and maize decreased by 4.43% and 2.13% respectively after PD treatment in T2. The SPAD of the leaves of maize increased by 2.97%, while the SPAD of the leaves of soybeans treated with S3307 increased by 21.80%. In terms of yield, in T1, the valid number of soybeans treated with PD and PP333 and the grain number per plant of maize were higher than those per plant of CK8.20% and 2.56%, respectively, under the treatment of PD and PP333 and the yield of soybeans treated with SD increased by 22.10%. In T2, the grain number per plant and 100 grain weight of soybeans increased by 12.57% and 7.97% respectively, the 1 000 grain weight and yield of maize treated with SD and PD increased by 6.22% and 13.32%, respectively, and the system yield of PD treatment was the highest, with an increase of 14.50%. 【Conclusion】 Under the two spraying periods, the five plant growth regulators reduced the plant height of the two crops and the lodging rate of soybeans and increased the yield. In particular, the spraying of paclobutrazole·methylpiperium once at the branch⁃ ing stage and the first flowering stage of soybean can better reduce the height and control the overgrowth, and increase the system yield.