长三角地区养殖雄性中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)可食组织常规营养成分及游离氨基酸含量差异分析

Analysis of the difference of conventional nutrients and free amino acids in edible tissues of male Eriocheir sinensis cultured in Yangtze River Delta

本研究对长三角地区(上海、苏州和泰州)9—11月养殖雄性中华绒螯蟹的各营养指标进行了检测和分析。结果表明,9—11月长三角地区雄蟹的肥满度(Condition factor,CF)变化不显著(P>0.05)。上海雄蟹的肝胰腺指数(Hepatopancreas index,HSI)一直呈下降趋势,且9月的HSI显著高于11月(P<0.05);苏州雄蟹的HSI是先显著上升后显著下降(P<0.05);泰州雄蟹的HSI在9—11月则是先显著下降后显著上升(P<0.05)。9—11月上海、苏州和泰州雄蟹的性腺指数(Gonadosomatic index,GSI)都呈上升的趋势,其中9月和11月的GSI存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。性腺和肌肉中的粗蛋白含量显著高于肝胰腺中的含量(P<0.05),其中10月上海雄蟹肌肉中的粗蛋白含量最高,但肝胰腺中粗脂肪的含量要高于性腺和肌肉。此外,在雄蟹肌肉中共检测到21种游离氨基酸(Free amino acid,FAA),10月苏州雄蟹的总氨基酸(Total amino acid,TFAA)含量最高,9月上海雄蟹的必需氨基酸百分比(Percentage of essential amino acid,PETFAA)最高,其中含量较高的必需游离氨基酸(Essential free amino acid,EFAA)是甲硫氨酸(Met)、亮氨酸(Leu)和赖氨酸(Lys)。总体而言,月份因素是影响长三角地区雄蟹营养品质的主要因素,10—11月长三角地区雄蟹的出肉率(Meat yield,MY)较高,且9—11月雄蟹的鲜甜度一直在增加,苦味值一直在降低,均是11月的口感最佳。[中国渔业质量与标准,2023,13(5):01-09]

At present,the quality evaluation system of Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis)is not perfect,so it is necessary to establish the evaluation quality standard as soon as possible.In this study,the nutritional indices of adult male E.sinensis cultured in Yangtze River Delta(Shanghai,Suzhou and Taizhou)at differnent periods were detected and analyzed.The results showed that the condition factor(CF)of male crabs in the Yangtze River Delta from September to November had no significant change(P>0.05).The Hepatopancreas index(HSI)of male crab from Shanghai has been declining,and the HSI in September was significantly higher than that in November(P<0.05);The HSI of male crabs from Suzhou increased significantly at first and then decreased significantly(P<0.05);The HSI of male crabs from Taizhou decreased significantly at first and then increased significantly from September to November(P<0.05).The gonadosomatic index(GSI)of male crabs from Shanghai,Suzhou and Taizhou showed an increasing trend among different months,and there was a significant difference between the GSI in September and November(P<0.05).The protein content of male crads in gonads and muscle was significantly higher than that in hepatopancreas(P<0.05),the protein content of male crads in muscle from Shanghai was the highest in October,but the lipid content in hepatopancreas was higher than that in gonads and muscles.In addition,a total of 21 free amino acid(FAA)were detected in the muscle of male crabs,and the total free amino acid(TFAA)content of male crabs in October was the highest in the Yangtze River Delta from September to November.The male crabs from Shanghai had the highest percentage of essential amino acid(PETFAA)in September.And the most abundant essential free amino acids(EFAA)are methionine(Met),leu(Leu)and lysine(Lys).In general,the month is the main factor affecting the nutritional quality of male crabs in the Yangtze River Delta region.The meat yield(MY)of male crabs in the Yangtze River Delta region is higher from October to November,and the fresh sweetness of male crabs in the Yangtze River Delta region has been increasing from September to November,while the bitter value has been decreasing,which both indicates that the male crabs have the best taste in November.[Chinese Fishery Quality and Standards,2023,13(5):01-09]