天麻产地加工与饮片炮制一体化工艺研究

Integration of Habitat Processing and Processing of Chinese Materia Medica Decoction Pieces of Gastrodiae Rhizoma

目的优化天麻炮制加工环节,优选天麻产地加工与饮片炮制一体化工艺,保证饮片质量。方法以天麻中有效成分含量(天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷A、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C和巴利森苷E)和饮片外观性状为评价指标,采用单因素试验结合正交试验法对一体化加工工艺中天麻的去皮程度、干燥温度及干燥程度3个影响因素进行考察,优选天麻产地加工与饮片炮制一体化工艺,并以饮片的外观性状、显微特征、特征图谱、醇溶性浸出物和有效成分含量综合比较传统炮制工艺和一体化加工工艺。建立不同加工工艺天麻饮片高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱,采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价软件进行相似度评价;以共有峰峰面积为指标,利用层次聚类分析法(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA)对不同加工工艺进行区分,再借助正交偏最小二乘-判别分析法(orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)筛选出不同加工工艺天麻饮片间差异性标志物。结果天麻产地加工一体化最佳工艺为采挖新鲜天麻除去杂质,搓去表面粗皮,常压蒸至透心,取出,干燥至天麻呈柔软状态,整形,于50→60→50℃变温干燥,含水量为27%~28%,切薄片,再干燥;与传统饮片相比较,优化后所得一体化饮片整体品质较高。不同加工工艺天麻饮片指纹图谱相似度大于0.900,共标定了6个共有峰;HCA结果显示,2种不同加工工艺天麻饮片可聚类为2种;OPLS-DA结果表明,不同加工工艺天麻饮片间差异性标志物为天麻素、巴利森苷E、巴利森苷B、巴利森苷C和巴利森苷A。结论优选的天麻产地加工与饮片炮制一体化工艺简便易行,质量稳定,适用于产业化生产。

OBJECTIVE To optimize the processing and integrated processing technology of Gastrodiae Rhizoma,ensure the quality of Gastrodiae Rhizoma pieces.METHODS Three main factors including peeling degree,the drying temperatures,and the drying degrees were studied by using single factor experiment and orthogonal test.The content of gastrodin,4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol,parishin A,parishin B,parishin C,and parishin E and the appearance of processed decoction pieces were selected as evaluation indexes to optimize the integration of Gastrodiae Rhizoma by using comprehensive evaluating method.The traditional processing method and integration were compared with the appearance indicators,microscopic characteristics,HPLC characteristic chromatogram,extract and active component contents of processed decoction pieces.HPLC fingerprints of Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different processing techniques were established,and the similarity was evaluated by using the similarity evaluation software of TCM chromatographic fingerprint.Different processing processes were distinguished by hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)with the common peak-to-peak area as the index.Then the orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)was used to screen out the difference markers among different processing techniques of Gastrodiae Rhizoma.RESULTS The optimal method for integration was as following:fresh Gastrodiae Rhizoma was washed,rubbed off the rough surface and then steamed.Drying until Gastrodiae Rhizoma is soft,then suppress to level,dry at 50→60→50℃.Finally,slicing after the moisture reaches 27%-28%,slice and dry again.There was no significant difference in the index component content,HPLC characteristic chromatogram and microscopic characteristics between integration and the traditional processing method in the standard of 2020 Chinese Pharmacopoeia.The appearance character of integration processed decoction pieces is better than traditional processing method.The similarity of fingerprint of Gastrodiae Rhizoma decoction pieces with different processing techniques was greater than 0.900,and a total of 6 common peaks were calibrated.The results of HCA showed that the two different processing techniques could cluster into two kinds of Gastrodiae Rhizoma.The results of OPLS-DA showed that the different markers of gastrodin,parishin E,parishin B,parishin C and parishin A were different.CONCLUSION The method of integration of field processing and crude drug processing is feasible and it can be used in industrial production.