乡镇生态环境质量评价及其影响因素研究——以江苏省为例

Evaluation of Ecological Environment Quality in Townships and Its Influencing Factors,Exemplified in Jiangsu Province

良好生态环境是最普惠的民生福祉,准确识别乡镇生态环境质量的影响因素有利于科学、精准防治,改善生态环境质量。目前,对于乡镇(街道)尺度生态环境质量的社会经济影响因素研究比较缺乏,且较少关注其影响因素的空间异质性。首先利用遥感技术观测的生态环境质量指数对江苏省各乡镇(街道)的生态环境质量状况进行分析和评价,并在此基础上运用地理加权回归(GWR)模型定量探究乡镇(街道)生态环境质量的社会经济影响因素的空间异质性,最后,给出相关政策建议。结果表明:(1)基于自然间断点分级法,生态环境质量评级为中等的乡镇占多数,整体表现为西高东南低;(2)乡镇(街道)尺度的生态环境质量指数分布存在显著的空间自相关性,核心热点区以太湖、洪泽湖、高邮湖3个江苏省面积最大的湖泊为核心向外扩展;(3)多数乡镇(街道)的高技术产业企业从业人员数、地均第三产业生产总值、垃圾集中处理村占比及农业机械总动力对生态环境质量存在正相关影响,而人口密度和人均GDP则表现为负相关影响。由于社会经济因素呈现显著的空间异质性,因此需要根据地区实际制定差异化的生态环境保护对策和措施。

A good ecological environment is the universal welfare of people's livelihood.Accurate identification of the influential factors of ecological environment quality in townships is conducive to support the improvement of ecological environment quality.At present,there is a lack of research on the socio-economic influential factors of ecological environment quality at the township(street)scale,and less attention is paid to the spatial heterogeneity of the influential factors.Therefore,we first evaluated and analyzed the spatial distribution of the ecological environment quality condition of each township in Jiangsu Province by using the ecological environment quality index observed by remote sensing technology.Then,the Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)model was used to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of the socio-economic influential factors affecting the ecological environment quality.Finally,relevant policy recommendations were suggested.The results showed that:(1)Based on the method of Jenks natural breaks classification,most townships in Jiangsu Province had medium ecological environment quality ratings.Townships with high ecological environment quality index were located in the west,and the ones with low index in the east and south.(2)There is a significant spatial autocorrelation in the ecological environment quality index distribution,with the core hot spot area expanding outward around Taihu Lake,Hongze Lake,and Gaoyou Lake,the three largest lakes in Jiangsu Province.(3)Ecological environment quality in most townships(streets)positively correlated with the number of employees in technical industry enterprises,the average tertiary industry GDP,the proportion of villages with the centralized garbage disposal,and the total power of agricultural machinery,while negatively correlated with population density and GDP per capita.The socio-economic factors demonstrated a significant spatial heterogeneity,implying the necessity of formulating regional-specific ecological environmental protection strategies and measures.