民航安全管理体系与双重预防机制对比研究

Comparative Study on Civil Aviation Safety Management System and Dual Prevention Mechanism

为在民航有效实施双重预防机制,提高风险预控能力,对比分析了民航安全管理体系(SMS)与双重预防机制。发现民航SMS与双重预防机制在管理思想、机制、构架和组成要素上基本一致。民航SMS中的“风险管理”与双重预防机制中“风险分级管控”仅名称不同,内容完全相同;民航SMS中的“安全保证”与双重预防机制中“隐患排查治理”的功能和过程也一致。不同之处在于民航SMS较双重预防机制强调了风险管理是贯穿于生产运行的始终,是一个持续的过程,通过“(偏差)信息获取”作为“负反馈”机制持续、实时实现“安全保证”功能;双重预防机制虽然强调隐患排查第二重防御,但未明确其是一个持续的、螺旋式上升的持续循环。

A comparative analysis is made on the civil aviation Safety Management System(SMS)and the dual prevention mechanism of hierarchy of risk control and hidden danger investigation and control to effectively implement the dual prevention mechanism in civil aviation,curb the occurrence of accidents in civil aviation operators,and improve the ability of civil aviation risk pre-control.It is found that the SMS is basically consistent with the dual prevention mechanism in respect of management ideas,mechanisms,frameworks and elements,which means that they are equivalent.The"risk management"in the civil aviation SMS and the"risk hierarchical control"in the dual prevention mechanism only have different names,but the content is exactly the same.The function and process of"safety assurance"in civil aviation SMS is also consistent with that of"hidden danger investigation and control"in the dual prevention mechanism.The difference is that the SMS emphasizes that risk management is a continuous process throughout the production and operation.The"(deviation)information acquisition"is used as a"negative feedback"mechanism to achieve the function of"safety assurance"in a continuous and real-time manner;even though the dual prevention mechanism focuses on the hidden danger investigation as the second defense,it is not clear that it is a continuous and spiraling cycle.