中药活性成分对矽肺的药理作用机制研究进展

Progress on pharmacological mechanism of active components of Chinese materia medica on silicosis

截至2021年底,全国累计报告职业性尘肺病病例91.5万例,现存病例45万例。矽肺是一种常见的且有严重危害性的尘肺疾病,因长期吸入大量游离的二氧化硅(SiO_(2))粉尘引起肺部广泛的结节性纤维化,最终发展成矽肺。由于其具体的致病机制尚未阐明,相关的研究进展较为缓慢,现今依旧缺乏有效的治疗和干预药物。随着国家对中药重视程度的增加,且中药在矽肺的治疗方面有独特优势,我国关于中药活性成分治疗矽肺的研究越来越多,但大多数仍处于临床前研究阶段。本文认为一些中药治疗矽肺必须在整体动物实验观察病理改变,明确其药效作用,对其涉及的多种靶点和通路进行进一步的研究,阐明其具体作用机制。同时可加强中药活性成分解析研究,抑或是改造修饰活性成分结构,进而增强其治疗矽肺的药理活性,实现临床前研究阶段向临床研究的成果转化。

By the end of 2021,a total of 915000 cases of occupational pneumoconiosis and 450000 existing cases have been reported nationwide.Silicosis is a common and serious pneumoconiosis disease caused by long-term inhalation of large amounts of free silica dust and extensive nodular fibrosis in the lungs.Because its specific pathogenic mechanism has not been elucidated and the relevant research progress is slow,there is still a lack of effective therapeutic and interventional drugs.With the increase of national attention and the unique advantages of Chinese materia medica in the treatment of silicosis,more and more studies have been conducted on the treatment of silicosis with active ingredients of Chinese materia medica in China,but most of them are still in preclinical research stage.This article mainly introduced the pharmacological action and mechanism of selected active components of Chinese materia medica in the intervention of silicosis from three aspects:anti-inflammation,anti-oxidation,and intervention of apoptosis,providing ideas for subsequent research and development of new drugs for silicosis.This article argues,it is considered that some traditional Chinese medicines must observe the pathological changes in the treatment of silicosis in the overall animal experiment,clarify their pharmacodynamic effects,and further study the multiple targets and pathways involved in them to elucidate their specific mechanisms of action.At the same time,it can strengthen the analysis of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,or modify the structure of active ingredients,and then enhance its pharmacological activity in the treatment of silicosis,realizing the transformation of preclinical research stage to the results of clinical research.