围产期孕期饮食控制和营养管理对孕妇妊娠期糖尿病的影响

Effect of Perinatal Diet Control and Nutrition Management on Pregnancy Diabetes

目的:分析探讨围产期孕期饮食控制和营养管理对妊娠期糖尿病孕妇体重及妊娠结局的影响.方法:选取2021年4月至2022年4月期间本院收治的120例妊娠糖尿病患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分成观察组(n=60,给予围产期孕期饮食控制和营养管理)和对照组(n=60,采取常规护理).分析对比两组的血糖水平、体质量增长、并发症发生率、妊娠结局.结果:观察组空腹血糖值,餐后2h血糖值,糖化血红蛋白的水平均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组的总胆固醇,甘油三酯水平、体质量增长幅度均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组胎膜早破,感染,胎盘前置发生率均显著低于对照组,观察组的早产率、新生儿窒息率、胎儿窘迫率、巨大儿发生率均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:围产期孕期饮食控制和营养管理,能改善妊娠期糖尿病孕妇体重及妊娠结局,有效控制孕妇体重和血糖水平.

Objective:To analyze the effect of perinatal diet control and nutrition management on the weight and pregnancy outcome of pregnant women with diabetes.Methods:A total of 120 patients with gestational diabetes to our hospital from April 2021 to April 2022 were selected and randomly divided into observation group and control group,60 cases in each group.The observation group was given dietary control and nutritional management during perinatal pregnancy,while the control group received routine care.The blood glucose levels,body mass growth,incidence of complications,and pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were compared.Results:The levels of fasting blood glucose,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,and glycosylated hemoglobin in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The total cholesterol,triglyceride levels,and body mass growth rate of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence rates of premature rupture of membranes,infection,and placenta previa in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The incidence rates of premature birth,neonatal asphyxia,fetal distress,and macrosomia in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Perinatal diet control and nutrition management during pregnancy can improve the weight and pregnancy outcome of pregnant women with diabetes,effectively control the weight and blood sugar level of pregnant women.