急性缺血性脑卒中患者并发吞咽障碍的相关危险因素分析

Risk Factors of Dysphagia in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

目的:分析急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者并发吞咽障碍的相关危险因素.方法:选取2022年1月至12月于本院治疗的122例AIS患者作为研究对象,采用洼田饮水试验评估吞咽障碍,将这些患者分为吞咽障碍组(n=34)与吞咽正常组(n=88),分析发生吞咽障碍的影响因素.结果:122例AIS患者中发生吞咽障碍者34例,吞咽障碍发生率为27.87%(34/122).AIS患者年龄≥70岁、多发病灶、脑卒中评分(NIHSS)评分≥10分、Barthel指数(BI)评分≤60分、梗死部位在脑干,与吞咽障碍发生有关,有统计学差异(P<0.05).采用Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁、多发病灶、NIHSS评分≥10分、BI评分≤60分、梗死部位在脑干是影响AIS患者并发吞咽障碍的危险因素(P<0.05且OR≥1).结论:AIS患者并发吞咽障碍的发生率较高,AIS患者并发吞咽障碍相关危险因素包括年龄≥70岁、多发病灶、NIHSS评分≥10分、BI评分≤60分、梗死部位在脑干,需引起临床重视并制定可控的防治措施.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors associated with dysphagia in patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods:A total of 122 AIS patients treated in our hospital from January to December 2022 were selected.The dysphagia was evaluated by the kota water test.According to whether dysphagia occurred,the patients were divided into the dysphagia group(n=34)and the normal swallowing group(n=88).Results:Among 122 AIS patients,34 cases had dysphagia(27.87%)(34/122).AIS patients aged≥70 years,multiple lesions,National Institutes of Health Stroke score(NIHSS)score≥10,Barthel index(BI)score≤60,infarct location in the brain stem,were associated with dysphagia,and there were statistical differences(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥70 years,multiple lesions,NIHSS score≥10 points,BI score≤60 points,and infarct location in the brain stem were risk factors for AIS patients with swallowing disorder(P<0.05 and OR≥1).Conclusion:There is a high incidence of dysphagia in AIS patients.The risk factors associated with dysphagia in AIS patients include age≥70 years old,multiple lesions,NIHSS score≥10,BI score≤60,and infarct location in the brain stem.Therefore,clinical attention should be paid and controlled prevention and treatment measures should be developed.