厦漳近海游泳动物群落结构特征初步研究

Characterization of community structure of nekton inhabiting Xiamen and Zhangzhou coastal waters

本文根据2018年10月(秋季)和2019年4月(春季)在福建厦门和漳州近海拖网定点调查资料,分析了该海域游泳动物的种类组成、数量分布、优势种及群落多样性特征。结果显示,调查海域共有游泳动物204种,隶属于23目82科141属,其中鱼类种类最多,有131种,甲壳类次之,有64种,头足类有9种;游泳动物优势种春季为哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)、二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)、鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris);秋季为哈氏仿对虾、大头白姑鱼(Argyrosomus macrocephalus)、矛形梭子蟹(Portunus hastatoide)和红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus);春、秋季质量资源密度分别为239.1kg·km^(-2)和261.7kg·km^(-2);春、秋季数量资源密度分别为24943ind·km^(-2)和38384 ind·km^(-2);游泳动物群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数春季略高于秋季,平均值为2.342。

Based on the data of fisheries resource surveying from Xiamen and Zhangzhou coastal waters,Fujian,in October(Autumn),2018 and April(Spring),2019,species composition,quantitative distribution,dominant species and community biodiversity characteristic of the nekton were analyzed.In total,204 kinds of nekton in Xiamen and Zhangzhou coastal waters were identified,which belonged to 23 orders,82 families and 141 genera.The identified included 131 fishes species,64 crustaceans and 9 cephalopods.There were 3 dominant species,Parapenaeopsis hardwickii,Parargyrops edita,and Trachypenaeus curvirostris in spring and 4 dominant species,Parapenaeopsis hardwicki,Argyrosomus macrocephalus,Portunus hastatoide,and Portunus sanguinolentus in autumn.The stock density in weight in spring and autumn was 239.1 kg·km^(-2)and 261.7 kg·km^(-2),respectively.The stock density in quantity in two seasons was 24943 ind·km^(-2)and 38384 ind·km^(-2,)respectively.The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index of nekton in spring was higher than that in autumn with an average of 2.342.