洋浦港表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价

The distribution characteristics and the pollution evaluation of the heavy metals in the surface sediment of the Yangpu port

通过对洋浦港海域表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg、As、硫化物、TOC和石油类污染物含量进行测定分析,探讨了其含量分布特征、潜在生态危害程度及同源相关性。结果表明,洋浦港海域表层沉积物中石油类的空间变异系数最大,其次为Hg和硫化物,其余各因子空间变异系数较小;洋浦港海域沉积物质量较好,As可能对生物产生负效应,其余6种重金属极少对生物产生负效应;7种重金属的累积指数排序为Cd>Zn>Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr,Cd为主要污染因子;洋浦港海域表层沉积物总体上重金属污染程度为轻微生态危害,7种重金属的潜在生态风险大小依次为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn,其中Hg和Cd属于中等生态危害,其他5种重金属属于轻微生态危害;Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、TOC的来源相同,主要受地形、潮流、沉积物粒度等自然因素的共同影响;Cd与Hg的来源相同,主要受工业污染影响;As、硫化物、石油类与其他因子之间的相关性较低或不相关,其中,As主要来源于洋浦港及周边工业废水、生活污水、海水养殖污水的排放,硫化物和石油类来源于陆源污染。洋浦港海域表层沉积物需加强对Hg、Cd、As的监测和预警,避免对人类健康和海洋生态环境造成进一步的危害。

Spatial distribution characteristics,potential ecological risk and homologous correlation of pollution factors in the surface sediment of Yangpu port were investigated by measuring the contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg,As,sulfide,TOC,and petroleum.The results showed that the spatial variation coefficient of petroleum was the largest,followed by Hg and sulfide,and the other factors were smaller.The sediment quality of Yangpu port was good.As might have negative effects on living things and the other six heavy metals seldom had negative effects on living things.The geological accumulation index evaluate of pollution degree was in the following order,Cd>Zn>Pb>As>Cu>Hg>Cr,and Cd was the main pollution factor.In general,the pollution degree of heavy metals in the surface sediment of the Yangpu port was slight ecological harm.The potential ecological risk of the seven heavy metals was in the following order,Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn,among which Hg and Cd were medium ecological hazards,and the other five heavy metals were slight ecological hazards.The sources of Cu,Zn Cr,Pb and TOC were the same,which were mainly affected by natural and manmade factors such as topography,tidal current and sediment grain size.The sources of Cd and Hg were the same,which were mainly affected by industrial pollution.As,sulfide and petroleum had little or no correlation with other factors,among which As mainly came from the discharge of industrial wastewater,domestic sewage and mariculture wastewater from Yangpu port and its surroundings.Sulfide and petroleum were derived from land-based source pollution.The monitoring and early warning of Hg,Cd and As should be strengthened in the surface sediment of Yangpu port to avoid further harm to human health and marine ecological environment.