伦理法则的特性及其生成

The Characteristics and Generation of Ethical Laws

伦理法则是调控社会伦理关系的基本准则,不是一般意义上的规范和伦理规制。规范是社会规则体系中的一种最普遍形式,规制更多的是指有规定的管理或者有法规的制约,伦理规制是正式规制与非正式规制的统一。伦理法则作为社会规则体系中的特殊形式,在调适和平衡利益的关系中更加有效,因为它具有软硬兼施的特性,甚至可以说是介于道德法则与法律法规之间的一种存在状态,伦理法则具有法的意味和域界限。伦理法则的法意体现在自然法、习惯法和成文法三个维度,而域的界限主要体现于人域、际域与境域的不同。伦理法则的生成内容涉及风俗、习惯、宗教、法律、舆论、文化心理等,载体上涉及道德经典、文化传统、父母长辈、道德榜样、社会团体等,主要的致思路径是社会控制和社会心理。伦理法则的生成离不开个体性的问题讨论,可以简略地从两方面展开,一是伦理作为法则个体应该被规训,二是个体在伦理法则的创化过程中起着十分重要的作用。

Ethical laws are the basic norms regulating ethical relations in society,not norms and ethical regulations in the general sense.Norms is one of the most common forms of social rule systems.Regulation is more often referred to as prescribed management or constrained by regulations,and ethical regulation is a unification of formal and informal regulation.As a special form in the system of social rules,ethical laws are more effective in regulating and balancing interests.Because it has the characteristic of combining hard tactics with soft,and can even be regarded as a state of existence between moral laws and legal regulations.Ethical laws have the legal meaning and domain boundary of laws.The legal meaning of ethical laws is reflected in the three dimensions of natural law,customary law and statutory law,and its boundary of domain is mainly reflected in the difference of human domain,inter-domain and realm.The content of ethical law generation involves customs,habits,religion,law,public opinion,cultural psychology,etc.Its carrier involves moral classics,cultural traditions,parents and elders,moral role models,social groups,etc.The main path of thought is social control and social psychology.The generation of ethical laws cannot be separated from discussions of individuality,which can be briefly developed in two aspects:on the one hand,ethics as laws,determine that individuals should be regulated,and on the other hand,individuals play a very important role in the process of creating ethical laws.