中东欧次区域合作:概念、进程、功效与评估

Sub-regional Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe: Concepts, Processes, Efficiency and Assessment

冷战结束以来,中东欧地区涌现出大量的次区域合作组织,它们是欧洲国际政治中的一个新特征,同时催生了国际关系中的小多边主义理论。中东欧地区次区域合作组织的发生发展有明显的阶段性,并展现出四项基本功能。中东欧若干次区域合作组织具有合作内容广泛且开放性等特征,次区域合作成员国可以是不同政权性质的国家,次区域合作组织是否具有制度化机构并非评价次区域合作深度或效率的硬性指标。人们在评价中东欧次区域合作组织的功效方面存在争议,但绝大多数这类型组织在促进中东欧国家加盟入约、推动转轨/转型顺利进行、协助解决“地方性”跨国问题等方面发挥了一定程度的积极作用。中东欧次区域合作(小多边)给欧洲一体化带来更多的是动力,其功能是“拾遗补缺”,与欧洲一体化相向而行,因而欧盟对中东欧的次区域合作基本持支持立场。

Since the end of the Cold War,a large number of sub-regional cooperation organizations have emerged in Central and Eastern Europe,which is a new feature in European politics and gives rise to the theory of minilateralism in international relations.The main factors promoting the emergence and development of sub-regional cooperation organizations(minilateralism)are the new international political and economic situation(globalization,regional integration)and the need for several(weak)countries in a certain region to meet the common"regional"challenges.Domestically,it is mainly the political elites of relevant countries who promote sub-regional cooperation.In Central and Eastern Europe,there are obvious stages in the emergence and development of sub-regional cooperation organizations and it is positively related to the political requirements of"return to Europe"and changes of the security situation in Europe.Sub-regional cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe has four basic functions,namely,as a bridge,as a promoter of transition/transformation,as a propeller to help relevant countries join the EU and NATO,and as a tool to deal with specific transnational issues.Given the characteristics of extensive cooperation and openness,whether a sub-regional cooperation organization has an institutionalized organization is not a hard indicator for evaluating its depth or efficiency.There is still controversy in evaluating the efficiency of the sub-regional cooperation organization in this region.However,the vast majority of such organizations have played a certain role in promoting the accession of Central and Eastern European countries to the EU and NATO,promoting the smooth transition/transformation,and helping to solve transnational problems in the regional level.Hence,the EU basically supports sub-regional cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe.