西巴尔干次区域合作的演进与评估:以欧洲一体化为中心

Evolution and Evaluation of Sub-regional Cooperation in the Western Balkans: Concentrating on European Integration

冷战结束后较长一段时间里,由于缺乏内部条件和外部推力,西巴尔干次区域合作几无进展。在欧盟1996年开始调整地区政策特别是2003年将西巴尔干成员整体纳入扩大进程后,西巴尔干次区域合作机制显著增多。在约64个次区域合作机制中,有欧盟主导并促其与欧洲一体化趋同的合作机制,也有欧盟成员国倡导并使其与欧洲一体化协同的合作机制,还有由部分成员自主创设、与欧洲一体化进程不完全同步的合作机制,如开放巴尔干倡议和西巴尔干四方机制。西巴尔干次区域合作深受地区内部问题和外部国际环境的双重影响,欧盟的意愿和能力起到联结作用。换言之,在欧洲乃至全球地缘政治加剧博弈的情形下,西巴尔干次区域合作的形态还会不断演化和分化,其与融入欧洲一体化的关系也将变得更加复杂。

For a long time after the end of the Cold War,there was little progress in sub-regional cooperation in the Western Balkans due to the lack of internal conditions and external promoter.After the EU began to adjust its regional policies in 1996,especially after the Western Balkans were included in EU's enlargement process in 2003,sub-regional cooperation mechanisms increased significantly in this region.Among the approximately 64 subregional cooperation mechanisms,there are some led by the EU to promote the convergence with European integration,advocated by EU member states to coordinate with European integration,independently created by some countries in this region and incompletely synchronized with European integration,such as the Open Balkan lnitiative and the Western Balkans Quad.Western Balkans sub-regional cooperation is deeply affected by both internal problems in the region and external international environment.The EU's will and ability play a key role.As geopolitics in Europe and even the world is intensified,the shape of Western Balkans sub-regional cooperation will continue to evolve and diverge,and its relationship with European integration will also become more complex.