辅以微信平台的大学生身体活动干预研究——以自我决定理论为基础

Physical Activity Intervention Study of College Students with Wechat Platform——Based on the Self-determination Theory

目的为创设积极锻炼的心理环境,以满足大学生的锻炼心理需求,从而促进体育活动水平的提升。方法招募自愿参与且健康状况良好的大一新生共72人随机分为实验组(37人)与对照组(35人),运用自我决定理论,通过“微信”平台针对实验组新生进行为期8周的课外体育锻炼干预实验。结果干预后实验组学生锻炼的自主性与胜任感显著提高,运动强度、运动量显著提升,而对照组学生评分均下降尤其体现在关系感、运动时长、运动频率中。锻炼的自主感、存在感与运动强度之间均有非常显著的正相关关系;锻炼的关系感与运动强度、运动量之间均正相关关系显著。实验前后大学生心境状态发生改变,其中心境分量表愤怒、疲劳、抑郁和自尊感改变显著。锻炼心理需求与心境状态的相关关系表现在,正相关关系存在于锻炼的自主感、胜任感、关系感与精力、自尊之间;关系感与紧张、愤怒、疲劳、抑郁之间;负相关关系存在于锻炼的自主感、胜任感、关系感与POMS的消极情绪之间。结论基于“微信”平台提供自主性支持,可以有效满足参与者锻炼心理需求感、促进参与者的身体活动行为,并有助于改善参与者的情绪状态。

Objective To create a psychological environment for active exercise,to meet the psychological needs of college students,to promote the level of sports activities.Methods A total of 72 freshmen who participated voluntarily and in good health were randomly divided into the experimental group(n=37)and the control group(n=35).A 8-week extracurricular physical exercise intervention experiment was conducted for the experimental group through the"Wechat"platform.Results After the intervention,the autonomy and sense of competence of the students in the experimental group were significantly improved,and the exercise intensity and amount of exercise were significantly improved,while the scores of the students in the control group decreased,especially in the sense of relationship,exercise duration,and exercise frequency.There is a very significant positive correlation between the sense of autonomy,existence,and exercise intensity,and there is a significant positive correlation between the sense of exercise and exercise intensity and exercise quantity.The mood state of college students changed before and after the experiment,and the mood components of anger,fatigue,depression,and self-esteem changed significantly.The correlation between exercise psychological needs and mood state is as follows:positive correlation exists between exercise autonomy,competence,relationship and energy,self-esteem;relationship and tension,anger,fatigue,and depression;negative correlation exists between exercise autonomy,competence,relationship,and negative emotion of POMS.Conclusion Providing autonomous support based on the"WeChat"platform can effectively meet the psychological needs of participants for exercise,promote their physical activity behavior,and help to improve their emotional state.