“双减”背景下中小学生作业负担的成因及其纾解——基于布迪厄场域理论的视角

The Causes and Alleviation of the Homework Burden of Primary and Secondary School Students under the Background of“Double Reduction”——Based on the Perspective of Bourdieu’s Field Theory

在“双减”政策背景下,中小学生作业负担问题显得尤为突出。布迪厄的场域理论作为社会实践活动的分析范式,能够有效地分析作业这一实践活动,并阐明作业负担的形成机理。通过布迪厄提出的“场域”“资本”“关系”“惯习”等概念,可以揭示中小学生作业负担的成因:作业场域中的位置差异形成的“权力距离”“强弱资本”造成的资本争夺、教学惯习形成的路径依赖、“教—受教”关系异化成的“规训”与“控制”。基于场域理论的视角,要想纾解中小学生的作业负担,就亟需:重塑在场结构,推动学生地位由“他者”转向“主体”;聚焦在场资本,引领师生行为由“对立”转向“同一”;重构在场惯习,推动教师作业观由“教授主义”转向“发展主义”;重塑在场关系,促使师生关系由“规训—控制”转向“共生”。

In the context of the“double reduction”policy,the issue of homework burden for primary and secondary school students is particularly prominent.Bourdieu’s field theory,as an analytical paradigm for social practical activities,can effectively analyze homework as a practical activity and elucidate the formation mechanism of homework burden.Through the concepts of“field”,“capital”,“relationship”,and“habit”proposed by Bourdieu,the causes of homework burden for primary and secondary school students can be revealed:the“power distance”formed by positional differences in the homework field,the capital competition caused by“strong and weak capital”,the path dependence formed by habit formation,and the“discipline”and“control”formed by the alienation of the“teaching receiving”relationship.Based on the perspective of field theory,in order to alleviate the homework burden of primary and secondary school students,it is urgent to reshape the presence structure,promote the shift of students’status from“others”to“subjects”,focus on the presence capital,guide the behavior of teachers and students from“opposition”to“identity”,reconstruct the presence habits,and promote the shift of teachers’homework view from“professionalism”to“developmental”,and reshape the presence relationship,promote the transition of teacher-student relationship from“discipline control”to“symbiosis”.