西方发达国家对外援助安全化分析——以美、英、加三国为例

Analysis of Security Implications in Foreign Aid Policymaking:Case Studies of the United States,United Kingdom and Canada

近年来,发达国家的对外援助政策逐渐呈现“安全化”的趋势。援助安全化会引发负面的“安全溢出效应”。与安全关联的发展政策促进了发达国家对“自我利益”的衡量,但从受援国的角度来看,安全化会降低援助的有效性。目前,学界的讨论集中在西方发达国家是否出现援助安全化及其后果上,而对一国为什么要将援助政策安全化的讨论仍不充分。本文首先用安全化理论对美国、英国和加拿大的官方战略援助文件是否将援助安全化进行定性文本分析;然后,从安全化理论视角对比分析援助安全化的成因。研究发现,对威胁的认知、对援助手段是否有效的认知和公众舆论的压力,是美国、英国和加拿大三国对外援助安全化和不同时间采取安全化政策的主要原因。

Recently,Western foreign aid policies have increasingly emphasized security,raising concerns about negative“security spill-overs”.Security-oriented development policies prioritize donor self-interest,reducing aid effectiveness for recipients.Current debates focus on the emergence and consequences of this“securitization”of foreign aid,with little known about the reasons why countries adopt this approach.This paper analyzes official strategic aid documents from the US,UK and Canada by using securitization theory.It examines whether and how these countries have securitized aid policy,identifying trends.It then analyzes the reasons for this securitization from a securitization theory perspective.The paper argues that perceptions of threats,aid effectiveness,and public pressure have driven the securitization of foreign aid in the US,UK and Canada at different times.