欧洲极右翼政党的疑欧主义何以“灵活易帜”——以意大利兄弟党为例

The Flexible Euroscepticism of Italy’s Far-Right:Examining the Brothers of Italy(Fratelli d’Italia)

兄弟党在更迭频繁的意大利政坛凭借身份议题与民粹主义攻势上台,成为欧洲极右翼势力借助危机叙事在欧洲崛起的又一表征。意大利极右翼政党奉行的民族主义与民粹主义通常被视为对于欧盟团结的威胁,本文以“宗教—民族”为框架,分析兄弟党如何在起步、选举与执政阶段灵活转变其疑欧主义态度,探讨该政党作为极右翼政党家族的一员所具有的特殊性。事实上,当前的意大利介于新、老欧洲之间,若要实现兄弟党叙事中“成为欧盟与世界主角”的目标,难以脱离欧盟的支持。因此,新晋为执政党的兄弟党逐渐转变其激进的疑欧态度,更有可能与欧洲一体化的支持者实现求同存异。

The ascent of Brothers of Italy to power in Italy,a country characterized by a turbulent political landscape,through emphasis on identity issues and populist rhetoric,is a manifestation of the growing influence of far-right movements in Europe during a time of crisis.The nationalism and populism of Italy’s far-right parties may pose a threat to EU solidarity.This article analyzes how the Brothers of Italy has flexibly shifted its Eurosceptic attitudes during its initial,electoral and governing phases,using a“religion-nationality”framework.It examines the particularities of this party within the far-right political spectrum in Europe.Given its position between the established European powers and the newer members,it is difficult for Italy to achieve the Brothers of Italy’s narrative of“being a leader of the EU and the world”without depending on the EU’s support.Consequently,the new governing party is undergoing a gradual shift away from its radical Euroscepticism towards a more pragmatic approach,and is more likely to seek common ground with proponents of European integration.