公元1~7世纪罗马帝国与波斯帝国统治模式的起源、演进与对抗机制论析

An Analysis on the Origin,Evolution and Confront System of Ruling Patterns between Rome and Persia from 1st to 7th Century

罗马波斯体系是公元1~7世纪中东地区居于主导地位的国际体系,而“地中海大一统国家”和“西亚大一统国家”是古代罗马帝国和波斯帝国的主要统治形态和追求目标。由于两大帝国均十分重视环东地中海地区的经营和统治,双方围绕西亚和东地中海地区霸权爆发了持续近700年之久的“罗马波斯战争”。罗马帝国和波斯帝国均具有较明显的普世帝国特征,但二者在帝国统治模式、地方忠诚、族群认同和文化整合上存在显著的差异。罗马—拜占庭帝国和帕提亚—萨珊帝国在长期的冲突交往中均意识到了对方与己方主体文明的异质性、族群认同的跨界性和帝国实力的均衡性,并在较长历史时期中保持了有限战争与外交手段交替使用的战略决策。而7世纪初罗马波斯关系的失控和全面战争的爆发则标志着古典时代东西方普世帝国兼容统治机制的崩溃与转型。

The Roman-Persian Empire system was the dominant international system in the Middle East from the Christian era to the eve of the rise of Islam.The Universal States in Mediterranean and West Asian corresponds to the Roman Empire and the Persian Empire’s main ruling patterns and pursuit of the goal.The main manifestation is the Roman-Persian Wars that lasted for nearly seven hundred years.Both two Empires have obvious universal empire characteristics,but there are significant differences between the two in terms of empire governance model,local loyalty,ethnic identity,and cultural integration.Both Empires realized the heterogeneity of the main civilization of the other party and their own,the crossborder identity of the ethnic identity,and the balance of the imperial power in the long-term conflicts.During this period,the strategic decision to alternately use limited warfare and diplomacy was maintained.The out-of-control relationship between the Roman-Persian relationship and the outbreak of a comprehensive war marked the collapse and transformation of the compatible governance mechanism of the Eastern and Western universal empires in the Classical Age.