中国高校跨学科教育的百年历程、基本经验、未来展望

The Century-long Journey,Fundamental Experience,and Future Prospects of Interdisciplinary Education in China’s Universities

跨学科教育是培养高质量人才的重要途径,已成为高校人才培养改革的生长点而被大力推进。溯源历史,启迪未来。近代以来,我国高校跨学科教育与院校变迁相伴而行,肇始于蔡元培时期之北大,至今走过了百年历程,经历了跌宕起伏的历史演进:院校初建,以文理融通为主征开启跨学科教育;院校合并,以本科通识教育为主途兴起跨学科教育;内涵建设,以研究型人才培养为主流发展跨学科教育。这一演进的历程对于高质量发展我国跨学科教育具有深刻的启示。迈进高质量发展新时代,推进跨学科教育,需要借鉴历史经验、走出历史思维惯性,更要树立系统思维,着力改进体制机制,彰显主体功能;完善学科治理,创新组织结构;创新教学模式,改进教与学的方式。

Interdisciplinary education is an important way to cultivate high-quality,and it has become a growth point for the reform of talent cultivation in universities.Tracing back to history and enlightening the future,interdisciplinary education in China’s universities has been accompanied by the changes in colleges and universities since modern times.It started at Peking University during the time of Cai Yuanpei and has gone through a century of ups and downs in its historical evolution:at the beginning of college and university establishment,interdisciplinary education was mainly promoted through the integration of liberal arts and sciences;during the merger of colleges and universities,interdisciplinary education was mainly developed through undergraduate general education;and in the construction of connotation,interdisciplinary education has mainly developed through the cultivation of research-oriented talents.This evolutionary process has profound implications for the high-quality development of interdisciplinary education in China.To step into a new era of high-quality development and promote interdisciplinary education,we need to learn from historical experience,break away from historical thinking inertia,and establish systematic thinking.We also need to focus on improving institutional mechanisms and demonstrating subject functions,improving discipline governance,innovating organizational structures and teaching modes to improve the way we teach and learn.