基于生态足迹的内蒙古自然资源可持续利用分析

Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources in Inner Mongolia Based on Ecological Footprint

内蒙古自治区作为中国北方重要的生态安全屏障,其重要性不言而喻。精准掌握内蒙古自治区自然资本利用状况是其可持续发展的基础,有利于提升绿色发展水平,构建绿色特色优势现代产业体系,促进生态保护与经济建设协调发展。生态足迹模型是一种广泛应用于判别可持续发展程度的重要方法。该文在行政单元内部开展生态足迹研究,进一步明确生态足迹空间异质性,为开展更为精准细致的工作提供有力支持。基于净初级生产力构建了内蒙古12个盟市均衡因子和产量因子,采用生态足迹模型对内蒙古1990-2020年每隔5年共7个时期的自然资本进行核算;并结合相应年份人口空间分布公里网格数据集对其生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字/盈余进行空间化显示;最后采用区域土地可持续利用指数分析内蒙古土地可持续利用程度。结果表明:内蒙古6种地类中,林地均衡因子最高,呼伦贝尔市各地类的产量因子均高于内蒙古其他区域。内蒙古生态承载力呈现先下降后小幅上升趋势,生态足迹呈现上升趋势,并在1995-2000年由生态盈余转为生态赤字。内蒙古生态赤字面积由9.1%上升至51%,并具有明显的空间异质性。生态赤字主要集中在呼和浩特市、包头市、鄂尔多斯市、通辽市的市区。内蒙古区域土地可持续利用指数由0.67降至0.15,由轻度可持续状态转变为强不可续状态,可持续利用程度较低的区域集中于工业化、城市化等发展较快的地区。该研究可以为实现高质量可持续发展提供依据,为推动生态文明建设提供科学指导。

As a major ecological security barrier in Northern China,Inner Mongolia is undoubtedly important.Having an accurate understanding of the utilization potential of the natural capital of Inner Mongolia is the basis of its sustainable development and is also conducive to enhancing green development,including building a modern industrial system with green characteristics and advantages,and promoting coordinated development of ecological protection and economic construction.Ecological footprint is an important method widely used for evaluating the progress in sustainable development.For this study,ecological footprint research was conducted within administrative units to further clarify the spatial heterogeneity of ecological footprints and provide strong support for more accurate and detailed work.Based on the Net Primary Productivity,we constructed the equilibrium and yield factors of 12 cities in Inner Mongolia.Next,by using the ecological footprint method,we assessed the natural capital at five-year intervals for seven periods from 1990 to 2020.Combined with the population density,we described the spatial distribution pattern of ecological footprint,ecological carrying capacity,and ecological deficit/surplus.Further,we explored the degree of sustainable land-use in the region using the land use sustainability coefficient.Results showed that among the six land-use types in Inner Mongolia,the forest land equilibrium factor was the highest.The yield factors of each land-use type in Hulunbuir city were higher than those of other cities in Inner Mongolia.The ecological carrying capacity of Inner Mongolia first declined,followed by a slight increase.The ecological footprint showed an increasing trend,transforming from ecological surplus to ecological deficit between 1995 and 2000.The ecological deficit area of Inner Mongolia increased from 9.1%to 51%and showed obvious spatial heterogeneity.The ecological deficits were mainly concentrated in the urban areas of cities of Hohhot,Baotou,Ordos,and Tongliao.The land use sustainability coefficient of Inner Mongolia decreased from 0.67 to 0.15,indicating the transformation from slight sustainability to strong unsustainability.Low sustainable utilization was concentrated in areas with rapid development,such as industrialization and urbanization.Findings of this study can hopefully provide a scientific basis for achieving high-quality sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.