青藏高原退化草地修复研究进展及展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Degraded Grassland Restoration in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

青藏高原生态系统敏感、脆弱,其有效管理和可持续发展关乎“亚洲水塔”和“高原物种宝库”的生态安全。草地覆盖青藏高原土地总面积的60%多,涵养着我国众多江河源头,但受气候变化和人类活动等影响,青藏高原草地退化严重,威胁着生态安全和区域可持续发展。综述青藏高原草地退化过程中植被、土壤变化特征,并从退化程度、人为干预强度等层面阐述青藏高原草原放牧强度控制、植被恢复、土壤改良、植被重建等修复措施的技术要点,剖析现阶段青藏高原退化草地修复过程中存在的主要问题,并针对性地提出退化草地修复及可持续利用的思路,旨在为青藏高原草原保护修复提供参考。

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP)ecosystem is sensitive and fragile.Its effective management and sustainable development are related to the ecological security of the“Asia water tower”and the“treasure house of plateau species”,which has attracted much attention.Grassland covers more than 60%of the total area of QTP and nourish the sources of many rivers in China.However,due to climate change and human activities,the grassland of the QTP has been seriously degraded,it threatens ecological security and regional sustainable development.This paper summarized the characteristics of vegetation and soil changes during grassland degradation on the QTP,and expounded the technical points of restoration measures,such as grazing intensity control,vegetation restoration,soil improvement,and vegetation reconstruction on the QTP from the aspects of degradation degree and human intervention intensity,analyzed the main problems existing in the process of grassland restoration on the QTP at the present stage,and put forward the ideas of grassland restoration and sustainable utilization,aiming at providing reference for further protection and restoration of grassland on the QTP.