不同浓度壳聚糖对炭黑曲霉和硫色镰刀菌生长和发育的影响

Different concentrations of chitosan affect the growth and development of Aspergillus carbonarius and Fusarium sulphureum

【背景】壳聚糖是广泛存在于甲壳动物的一种多糖,具有广谱的抗真菌活性,但壳聚糖是否影响炭黑曲霉(Aspergillus carbonarius)和硫色镰刀菌(Fusarium sulphureum)生长和发育尚未见报道。【目的】明确不同浓度壳聚糖对A.carbonarius和F.sulphureum生长和发育的影响。【方法】通过在PDA培养基中添加不同浓度壳聚糖,测定两种真菌的菌落直径、生物量和菌丝干重,观察产孢量、孢子萌发和芽管长度,比较抑菌的差异。【结果】壳聚糖处理可显著改变两种真菌的菌落形态,处理浓度越高菌落皱缩和变形越明显;壳聚糖还可以有效抑制两种真菌的菌落生长、菌丝干重和菌丝生物量,抑制效果呈明显的浓度依赖,对F.sulphureum的抑制效果更好。壳聚糖可抑制两种真菌的产孢量、孢子萌发和芽管伸长,处理浓度越高抑制效果越好,对F.sulphureum的抑制效果更为明显。壳聚糖对A.carbonarius和F.sulphureum的EC_(50)值分别为0.12 mg/mL和0.075 mg/mL。【结论】壳聚糖可有效抑制A.carbonarius和F.sulphureum的生长发育,抑制效果呈浓度依赖,F.sulphureum对壳聚糖更为敏感。

[Background]Chitosan(CTS)is a polysaccharide ubiquitous in crustaceans.CTS has broad-spectrum antifungal activities,while whether CTS affects the growth and development of Aspergillus carbonarius and Fusarium sulphureum remains unknown.[Objective]To determine the effects of different concentrations of CTS on the growth and development of A.carbonarius and F.sulphureum.[Methods]The colony diameters,biomass,and mycelial dry weights of the two fungal species cultured in the potato dextrose agar(PDA)media with different concentrations of CTS were determined.The inhibitory effects of CTS on the two fungal species were evaluated by comparison of the sporulation,spore germination,and germ tube length.[Results]CTS treatment significantly altered the colony morphology of both fungal species.Higher concentrations of CTS resulted in more obvious colony shrinkage and deformation.CTS reduced colony diameter,mycelial dry weight,and mycelial biomass of both fungal species in a concentration-dependent manner,with stronger inhibitory effect on F.sulphureum.Similarly,CTS inhibited the sporulation,spore germination,and germ tube elongation in a concentration-dependent manner,which was more significant on F.sulphureum.The EC_(50) values of CTS on A.carbonarius and F.sulphureum were 0.12 mg/mL and 0.075 mg/mL,respectively.[Conclusion]CTS inhibited the growth and development of A.carbonarius and F.sulphureum in a concentration-dependent manner,with stronger effect on F.sulphureum.