论性侵犯罪案件中的品格证据——从“柔性适用”到“综合证明”

An analysis on character evidence in sexual assault cases——From"Flexible Admissibility"to"Comprehensive Proof"

性侵犯罪的证明障碍、复杂成因以及刑罚个别化原则,使被追诉人品格证据在性侵犯罪案件中有其适用的必要性和可行性。实践中,性侵犯罪案件出现了柔性适用品格证据规则的趋势,且品格证据的适用存在着证据能力标准模糊、证明力大小不一的问题。证据的运用除了证据规则本身,还依赖于证明模式的影响,不同的证明模式可能强化某种证据的运用效果,也可能削弱某种证据的运用效果。与印证证明模式相比,在性侵案件中采综合证明的模式,对品格证据等补助证据进行筛选运用,能够有效缓解直接由要件事实生成之证据相对短缺的问题,使因核心证据不充分而难以形成印证的难题得到解决。

Due to the proof obstacles,complex causes,and the principle of individualized sentencing,it is necessary and feasible to use the character evidence of the accused in the cases of sexual assault.In practice,there is a trend towards flexible application of character evidence rules in sexual assault cases.But there are some problems in the use of character evidence,such as fuzzy admissibility standard and inconsistent probative value.The use of evidence is depended not only on the evidence rules,but also on the influence of the proof mode.Different proof modes may strengthen or weaken the effect of the usage of evidence.In sexual assault cases,compared with the proof mode of corroboration,adoption of the mode of comprehensive proof,which invites selective use of supplementary evidence such as character evidence,can effectively alleviate the shortage of evidence generation,which is oriented to the material facts,and solve the problem of invalid corroboration for lack of sufficient core evidence.