解读研究领域标准在抑郁症中的应用

Applying the Research Domain Criteria framework to depression

研究领域标准(Research Domain Criteria,RDoC)是2008年由美国国家心理健康研究所(National Institute of Mental Health,NIMH)提出的一个面向精神障碍精准医疗的研究框架,不同于临床诊断标准,如《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,DSM)或《国际疾病分类》(International Classification of Diseases,ICD)系统,意在整合多个生物学领域的科学证据和标记,以寻求对所研究症状或表型的客观标定。本文将介绍RDoC的背景、内容等,探讨如何利用RDoC框架从基因到神经回路,再到行为等多个分析单元来综合解析抑郁症的发生机制,特别关注了正价系统、负价系统以及心理社会认知系统等功能领域在抑郁症中的作用机制。总而言之,RDoC对抑郁症临床诊疗提供了重要的科学证据,为抑郁症的精准医疗提供新的研究思路。

Research Domain Criteria(RDoC)is a research framework for precision medicine for mental disorders proposed by the National Institute of Mental Health(NIMH)in 2008.Unlike clinical diagnostic criteria,such as the International Classification of Diseases(ICD)or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)systems,it aims to integrate scientific evidence and biomarkers from multiple biological domains to seek to calibrate the studied symptoms or phenotypes objectively.This article introduces the background and contents of RDoC,and discusses how the RDoC framework can be used to comprehensively analyze the pathogenesis of depressive disorders across multiple units of analysis,from genes to neural circuits to behaviors.It focuses mainly on the role of positive,negative,and psychosocial cognitive systems in depressive disorders.In summary,RDoC provides important scientific evidence for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders,and offers new research ideas for precision medicine approaches to depressive disorders.