双生子与陌生人:论国王的婚姻

Twins and Strangers:On the King’s Marriage

萨林斯晚年在德·赫士的非洲经验启发下,结合波利尼西亚和印欧经验持续推进陌生人-王理论的研究,并将其看作是政治生活的基本形式。陌生人-王机制得以成立的根本原则之一在于外来国王与本地高等级女性之间的婚姻是一种有效的社会与政治整合方式,萨林斯通过外婚制与和平的关系论述了王的婚姻对于王权范畴的根本意义。本文通过广泛的比较研究指出,萨林斯在诸多材料的比较和分类中出现了明显的逻辑混乱,尤其是对印欧民族材料的处理多有相互矛盾之处。陌生人-王理论的本质在于双生子分化后被驱逐的英雄与本地生产者集团的联盟。国王通过婚姻成为形而上学体系的控制者与陌生人-王通过和本地女性的婚姻而成为文明的担纲者在陌生人-王的理论中是紧密相关的。对国王婚姻形态的跨文明比较研究将进一步推动我们对一系列社会科学根本问题的理解。

In his later years,inspired by Luc de Heusch's African experience,while combining Polynesia and Indo-European experience,Marshall Sahlins continued to promote the study of stranger-king theory and regarded it as the elementary form of political life.One of the fundamental principles of the stranger-king mechanism is that the marriage between foreign Kings and local high-ranking women is an effective way of social and political integration.Sahlins discusses the fundamental significance of the king's marriage to the category of royal power through the relationship of marriage and peace.Through extensive comparative research,this paper points out that Sahlins has an obvious logical confusion in the comparison and classification of many materials,especially in the treatment of Indo-European ethnic materials.The essence of the stranger-king theory lies in the alliance of the expelled hero with the group of local producers after the separation of the twins.The king becoming the controller of the metaphysical system through marriage is closely related to the stranger-king becoming the leader of civilization through marriage with local women in the theory of the stranger-king.A cross-civilization comparative study of the form of king's marriage will further advance our understanding of a range of fundamental issues in the social sciences.