以盐为媒——对云南省云龙县盐业发展与民族交往交流交融的历史考察

Salt as a Medium:A Historical Investigation of the Development of the Salt Industry and Ethnic Exchanges and Integration in Yunlong County,Yunnan Province

以滇西盐马古道上的云南省云龙县作为个案,文章从“物”的视角出发,以“盐”的生产、流动和管理为分析框架,充分挖掘云龙县围绕“盐”而产生的多民族交往交流交融的相关史料,补充汉族融合于其他少数民族以及少数民族互相融合的历史事实。研究发现:第一,各族人民逐“盐”而居的史实表明“趋利”是民族交往交流交融的重要动力,而围绕盐生产过程中的“分工”和配合是各民族有效持续互动的机制;第二,盐的流动促进了桥、路等基础设施的修建,激活了云龙不同群体之间物资的流动和互补,为地方性或区域性社会的整合打下坚实基础;第三,明清之后政治上对云龙的统一管理和文化上的礼乐教化使得各族人民形成了跨民族的文化和政治认同,加快了地方社会融入中华民族共同体的进程。以上研究发现对于当今的民族工作也具有重要启示:应充分重视民族互动中的“物”,正确处理在物的“生产”、流动和管理中的利益关系,将物“利”平等惠及各族人民,还应加强民族地区的交通等基础设施建设,做好本地区的民族团结工作。

The article adopts the western Yunnan salt-tea ancient road as a case study,and takes the perspective of an“object”,following analysis framework of the production,transportation and management of salt,fully explores relative historical material focusing on ethnic exchange,communication and integration generated by “salt” in Yunlong County.It also complements some historical facts on the Han people's integrating with other ethnic groups and the integration of other ethnic groups between each other.The study makes following findings:firstly,the historical fact of people of all ethnic groups living to pursue “salt” shows that “profit seeking” being an important driving force for ethnic exchanges and integration,and the “division of labor” and cooperation around the process of salt production is the mechanism of effective and continuous interaction among multiple ethnic groups;secondly,the transportation of salt promoted the construction of infrastructure such as bridges and roads,activated the exchanges of materials between different ethnic groups in Yunlong,and laid a solid foundation for the formation of local or regional ethnic diversity pattern;thirdly,after the Ming and Qing dynasties,the political unified managements of Yunlong and the cultural ritual and etiquette education enabled the people of all ethnic groups to form up cross-ethnic cultural and political identity and accelerated the process of integrating the local society into the Chinese national community.The research findings also provide important references for today's ethnic work:we should pay full attention to the “objects” in ethnic interaction,and correctly handle the interests in the process of “production”,transportation and management of objects;we should equally distribute the profits generated from the objects to different ethnic groups,and we should also strengthen the construction of transportation and other infrastructure in ethnic areas,and make good efforts in fostering ethnic unity within the region.