民间与官府——西藏旅京同乡会考论

Civil Society and Feudal Official:A Textual Research on the Association of Tibetan Residents in Beijing

在清朝灭亡、民国初肇的1912年,西藏发生了驱赶中央官吏的事件,致使西藏地方与中央的关系出现了裂痕。即使在这个特殊时期,第十三世达赖喇嘛土登嘉措(1876-1933)也并未撤回其进京朝觐时奉命留京供职的高僧。1913年3-4月间,蒙古族知名人士罗卜桑车珠尔与留京任职的西藏驻京高僧江赞桑布等发起成立了西藏旅京同乡会,该会突破地缘与亲缘限制,由多民族成员构成,“以联络旅京藏人感情、维持公益为宗旨”。在西藏驻京办事处成立之前的十八年间,该同乡组织成为西藏在京人员与国家机关、各界人士联系的重要机构,组织西藏议员选举;谒见国家首脑;完成西藏地方和中央政府的各项工作;参加内地的相关活动。从江赞桑布到贡觉仲尼,从“西藏旅京同乡会”到“西藏驻京办事处”,这些人与机构的存在足以证明民初西藏地方虽然与中央政府有冲突——有时冲突还很激烈,但那也是地方政权与中央政府之间的矛盾,民国时期“西藏独立论”是违背历史事实的。

In 1912,when the Qing Dynasty fell and the beginning of the Republic of China began,the relationship between the local government of Tibet and the central government encountered some setbacks.From March to April in 1913,lead sponsors of provincial fellow organization,Mongolian celebrity Lobsanchekur and famous Buddhist monk Jiang Zabsabgbu,established the Association of Tibetan Residents in Beijing which aimed to strengthen the bonds of friendship and maintain public welfare.The association was composed of multi-ethnic members,which broke through the geological and genetic restraints.During the 18 years before the establishment of the Tibetan Office in Beijing,this association had become an important institution for Tibetans to contact with state organs and people from various fields.It also organized local election,visited heads of state,completed works assigned by both the central and local government,and participated other related activities in hinterland China.The existences of these organizations including the Association of Tibetan Residents in Beijing and the Tibetan Office in Beijing have both proved the contradiction between the the central and local government despite the conflicts,sometimes vehement,between local Tibetan government and the central government.Therefore,the statement of “Tibetan independence” during the Republic of China era was indeed against the historical facts.