内爆载荷作用下泄压容器准静态压力特性

Quasi-Static Pressure Characteristics of Explosion Venting Vessel Under Confined Explosion

为了研究泄压容器内部准静态压力特性,采用AUTODYN软件提出并建立了3种柱形泄压容器的数值模型,分别包括一端开口的敞口泄压容器、在开口处设有可冲出端盖的带泄压盖容器、将泄压盖与容器通过剪切销连接的带剪切销泄压容器.以Bernoulli方程为基础建立了理论简化模型,模拟了敞口泄压容器内部的准静态压力;以能量守恒方程为基础建立理论简化模型,模拟了不同起爆药量下带泄压盖容器的准静态压力;最后,探讨了剪切销在剪断和未剪断时对带剪切销泄压容器内部压力的影响.该文建立了文献中的数值模型,准静态压力计算结果与文献中的实验结果吻合情况良好,验证了计算方法的可靠性.结果表明:敞口泄压容器内部压力衰减迅速,准静态阶段持续时间较短,以Bernoulli方程为基础的理论简化模型能够较好地预测泄压容器内部压力衰减至大气压力的时间;带泄压盖容器内冲击波沿轴向做往复式传播,以能量守恒方程为基础的理论模型能够较好地预测在泄压过程中的准静态压力;剪切销未剪断时,容器内部准静态压力呈现明显的平台效应;对比无剪切销的工况,18 mm直径的剪切销剪断后,容器内部压力变化趋势基本一致,泄压盖的飞出时间提前了0.25 ms.研究结果可为泄压容器的结构设计提供理论基础和参考.

To study the quasi-static pressure characteristics inside the explosion venting vessels,3 numerical models for cylindrical explosion venting vessels were established with the AUTODYN software,including a one-end-opening explosion venting vessel,an explosion venting vessel with an ejectable venting cover,and an explosion venting vessel with a shear pinned venting cover.Based on the Bernoulli equation,a theoretical simplified model was established to simulate the quasi-static pressure inside the opening explosion venting vessel.A theoretical simplified model based on the energy conservation equation was established to simulate the quasi-static pressure in the vessel with a venting cover under different charge weights.In the end,the effects of the shear pin on the pressure of the explosion venting vessel were discussed in the cases of cutoff or non-cutoff.The numerical models in previous literatures were established.The theoretical quasi-static pressure results are in good agreement with the experimental results in the literatures,which verifies the reliability of the proposed theoretical calculation method.The results show that,the internal pressure of the open explosion venting vessel decays rapidly,and the quasi-static stage lasts for a short time.The theoretical simplified model based on the Bernoulli equation can better predict the time when the internal pressure in the explosion venting vessel decays to the atmospheric pressure.The shock wave in the vessel with a venting cover propagates reciprocally along the axial direction.The theoretical model based on the energy conservation equation can better predict the quasi-static pressure during the pressure decaying process.In the case of the non-cutoff shear pin,the quasi-static pressure inside the vessel exhibits an obvious platform effect.Compared with the case without a shear pin,the internal pressure in the vessel with a shear pin will decay basically in the same way after the shear pin with a diameter of 18 mm is cut off,and the venting cover will reach the opening in advance by 0.25 ms.This work mainly provides a theoretical basis and applicable reference for the structural design of explosion venting vessels.