重复经颅磁刺激在改善阿尔茨海默病突触可塑性中的作用

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on synaptic plasticity in Alzheimer′s disease

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种缓慢进展的神经退行性病变,主要表现为学习记忆功能下降等认知功能损伤和日常生活能力受损,目前缺乏干预手段。学习和记忆过程及其调节依赖突触可塑性,可塑性的改变也可以明显提高AD患者的学习记忆等认知功能。重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)可以对神经兴奋性及可塑性产生明显、持久的影响,被广泛应用于AD的治疗。文中将概述AD的突触功能异常及rTMS如何通过影响突触结构及功能可塑性,进而改善AD患者的临床症状,希望对日后rTMS的临床应用提供思路和借鉴。

Alzheimer′s disease(AD),a progressive neurodegenerative disease,is characterized by dysfunction in execution and cognition,for which there are few efficient early interventions.Synaptic plasticity is regarded as a critical mechanism for learning and memory.Therefore,improving synaptic plasticity is correlated with promoting recovery after cognitive and motor impairment in patients with AD.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)has been extensively utilized in AD rehabilitation for its potential to yield significant and enduring benefits in neural excitability and plasticity.This review overviews synaptic dysfunction in AD and primarily discusses the role of rTMS in alleviating clinical symptoms by influencing structural and functional plasticity of synapses,to explore its mechanisms for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders,and at the same time,provide clues and directions for further clinical translations.