人文理解的遮蔽与复归:青少年网络沉迷干预之困及其纾解

The Shelter and Return of Humanistic Understanding:The Difficulty and Relief of Adolescents'Internet Addiction Intervention

“互联网+”时代的青少年面临网络沉迷的严峻挑战,加强对网络沉迷青少年的疏导、干预,对保障青少年身心健康、学业发展以及“互联网+教育”顺利开展极具现实意义。规范判断意义上的青少年网络沉迷常常缺失青少年立场和对青少年的人文理解,往往从外在客观立场来评判青少年的网络行为,容易遮蔽青少年网络行为的主观意图,带来管理主义倾向和控制式干预手段,产生标签化效应,引发一系列干预困境。对青少年充分的人文理解是纾解干预困境的关键。基于教育现象学的理论视域分析发现,人文理解主要体现在对青少年网络行为主观意义的追寻、对青少年成长发展无限可能的尊重以及与青少年交往中的人文关怀。为实现人文理解的复归,青少年网络沉迷相关研究理应:研究视角由科学世界转向生活世界,研究关系由“我—它”关系转向“我—你”关系,研究重点由原因分析转向意义诠释;青少年网络沉迷干预实践理应:干预视角由问题视角转向优势视角,干预重心由技术隔离转向关系建构,干预方法由说服教育转向自我叙事。

Adolescents in the"Internet Plus"age are facing severe challenge of being addicted to the Internet.Strengthening the counseling and intervention of adolescents who are addicted to the Internet is of great practical significance to ensure the physical and mental health of adolescents,their academic development and the smooth de-velopment of"Internet+Education"."Adolescents'Internet addiction"in the sense of normative judgment often lacks the stance of adolescents and the humanistic understanding of adolescents,and often refers to judging adoles-cents'Internet behaviors from an external and objective standpoint,which tends to cover up the subjective inten-tions of adolescents'Internet behaviors,bring the tendency of managerism and the controlled intervention,and pro-duce labeling effects,leading to a series of intervention dilemmas.A full humanistic understanding for adolescents is the key to alleviating the dilemma of intervention.Based on the analysis of educational phenomenology theory,it is found that humanistic understanding is mainly reflected in the pursuit of the subjective meaning of adolescents'Internet behaviors,the respect for the infinite possibilities of adolescents'growth and development,and the human-istic care in communication with adolescents.In order to realize the return of humanistic understanding,research on adolescent Internet addiction should shift from the scientific world to the life world in terms of research per-spective,shift from"I-it"relationship to"-you"relationship in research relationship,and shift from cause analysis to interpreting meaning in research focus.The intervention practice of adolescents'Internet addiction should shift from the problem perspective to the strength perspective in terms of intervention perspective,shift from technical isolation to relational construction in intervention focus,and shift from persuasion education to self-narration in intervention method.