超高强度钢在汽车轻量化中的应用及研究进展

Application and research progress of ultra-high strength steel in automotive lightweight

新一代汽车对使用的超高强度钢材料提出了更高的要求,需要兼顾轻量化和更好的安全性能,材料的强韧性匹配是实现这一目标的重要途径。钢铁材料的强度越高,越容易发生脆性断裂。通过成分设计优化和合理的热处理工艺匹配可以有效提高材料的强韧性,减少事故发生。本文综述了热冲压成形钢、淬火延性钢和冷成形马氏体钢的研究发展,总结了近年来超高强度钢的研究现状,为高强度、高塑性的先进钢铁材料的研制开发提供参考,并针对超高强度钢的优化控制思路提出介绍和建议。最后,从超高强度钢的生产应用、开发现状等方面对超高强度钢的发展趋势进行了展望。

The new generation of automobiles puts forward higher requirements for the use of ultra-high strength steels,which need to have lightweight and better safety performance.The matching of strength and toughness of the ultra-high strength steels is an important way to achieve this goal.The higher the strength of steel,the more prone to brittle fracture.Through matching of the composition design optimization and reasonable heat treatment process,the strength and toughness of the ultra-high strength steel can be effectively improved and the occurrence of accidents can be reduced.Development of hot stamping steel,quenching partitioning steel,and cold forming martensitic steel was reviewed,the research status of ultra high strength steels in recent years was summarized,reference for the research and development of advanced steels with high strength and high plasticity was provided,and the optimal control ideas for ultra high strength steels was introduced.Finally,the development trend of ultra-high strength steels is forecasted from the aspects of production application and development status of ultra-high strength steels.