司马迁历史观研究的再审视

Re-examination of the Research on Sima Qian’s View of History

以往关于司马迁历史观的研究,大致存在两方面的问题:一是对司马迁历史观理论属性的认识,有混淆历史理论和史学理论的偏差;二是存在扩大历史观概念内涵的倾向,把本不属于历史观范畴的问题也纳入历史观的讨论中。以上问题的存在,最本质的原因就是对学术研究学理性思考的忽视,因此,对历史观理论属性的辨析和概念内涵的界定,有助于我们对司马迁的历史观作出更为全面、准确、恰当的总结和评价。以此为基础,可将司马迁的历史观大体归纳为五个方面:“综其终始”通古今,历史具有联系性;经济活动影响社会发展;“无成势,无常形”,历史是在发展变化中不断走向进步的;“物盛则衰,时极而转”,历史是一个不断盛衰转变的过程;历史趋势不可抗拒。

In the previous studies on Sima Qian’s view of history,there were generally two problems:first,the understanding of the theoretical attributes of Sima Qian’s view of history had the bias of confusing historical theory and historiography theory;second,there was a tendency to expand the conceptual connotation of historical view and Issues that do not belong to the scope of historical perspective were also included in the discussion of historical perspective.The most essential reason for the existence of the above problems is the neglect of rational thinking in academic research.Therefore,the analysis of the theoretical attributes of the historical view and the definition of the conceptual connotation will help us make a more comprehensive,accurate and appropriate understanding of Sima Qian’s historical view.Based on this,Sima Qian’s view of history can be roughly summarized as the following five aspects:“history is from beginning to end”and history connects ancient and modern time;economic activities affect social development;“no potentiation,no permanent form”and history is a changing and continuous progress;“things proper and then decline,and times turn”and history is an process of constant ups and down;historical trends are irresistible.