普速铁路道岔滑床板病害及识别方法

Study on the Defects and Identification Methods of the Sliding Bed Plate ofTurnouts in Ordinary Speed Railways

针对滑床板受摩擦及挤压受损严重导致集中断裂或脱焊的现象,结合西北地区现场实际数据,综合考虑外界环境因素,对比分析滑床板材料的化学成分并进行力学试验模拟,梳理滑床板断裂原因;同时,采集道岔区域图像并分离滑床板断裂区域,提出一种改进Canny边缘检测识别滑床板伤损的方法。结果表明:该方法准确识别了滑床板断裂情况,有较好的自适性;对比传统图像处理方法,处理速率提高了约8.2%,为铁路道岔滑床板检测维护提供了可行性识别手段。

In view of the phenomenon that the slide plate is seriously damaged by friction and extrusion,which leads to concentrated fracture or derwelding,combined with the actual field data in Northwest China and comprehensive consideration of external environmental factors,the chemical composition of the slide plate material is compared and analyzed,and mechanical test simulation is carried out to sort out the fracture causes of the slide plate.At the same time,collect images of the turnout area and separate the fracture area of the sliding bed plate,proposing an improved Canny edge detection method for identifying the damage of the sliding bed plate.The results show that this method accurately identifies the fracture of the sliding bed plate and has good adaptability.Compared with traditional image processing methods,the processing speed has increased by about 8.2%,providing a feasible identification method for the detection and maintenance of railway turnout sliding bed plates.