《十八岁出门远行》对余华的意义

The Significance of Going out at the Age of Eighteen to YU Hua

《十八岁出门远行》以荒诞的非理性的方式讲述了一个在暴力创伤的刺激下感性的“自我”如何诞生的故事,这是一个没有完成的结构,对余华有着原点的意义。以此为基点,继续追踪“自我”的流变,分析了余华从“先锋写作”到“民间写作”的创作“线索”,考察先锋文学的转向、续航以及自我救赎的可能,并谈及其周围的八九十年代的文学思潮,提出极端的“向内转”同时面临着自我限制甚至自我瓦解的危险,九十年代的“民间写作”可以视为内面自我的打开,也是启蒙主体的隐藏以及消解。这与其说是一次“转向”,不如说是先锋文学的自我调整和自我救赎,既包括叙述方式的调整,也包括余华人生观的调整。“先锋”是一种精神,具体表现是求新求变的文学内部自我调整的动力机制和现代主义的精神探寻,在这个意义上,余华是永远的先锋派。

In an absurd and irrational way,Going Out at the age of Eighteen tells the story of how a perceptual"self"is born under the stimulation of violent trauma,which is an unfinished structure,and has the origin significance for Yu Hua.Based on this,this paper continues to trace the change of"self",analyzes the"clues"of Yu Hua's creation from"avantgarde writing"to"folk writing",examines the turn,continuation and possibility of self-redemption of avant-garde literature,and discusses the surrounding literary trends in the 1980s and 1990s.This paper holds that the extreme"inward turn"is also facing the danger of self-limitation and even self-disintegration.The"folk writing"in the 1990s can be regarded as the opening of the inner self,as well as the concealment and dissolution of the enlightenment subject.This is not so much a"turn"as a self-adjustment and self-redemption of avant-garde literature,including both the adjustment of narrative mode and the adjustment of Yu Hua's outlook on life."Avantgarde"is a kind of spirit,which is embodied in the dynamic mechanism of self-adjustment in literature and the spiritual exploration of modernism.In this sense,Yu Hua is an avantgarde forever.