覆土修复下土壤细菌微生物群落的季节变化

Seasonal Changes in Soil Bacterial Microbial Community Structure Under Soil Remediation

覆土修复在环境污染的修复中起到重要作用,目前对于覆土修复下土壤微生物群落的季节变化研究较少。为深入解析覆土修复下土壤细菌微生物群落结构随季节演替情况,该研究以常州市某污染场地的覆土修复区为采样地,基于高通量测序方法分析深度0.1 m与1 m土层细菌微生物群落结构。结果表明,该场地土壤环境中微生物群落结构和多样性随季节变化显著,其中夏季土壤细菌微生物群落组成最丰富,秋季物种丰度最高,而冬季土壤的细菌微生物群落多样性与物种丰度均最低。各季节均呈现深层土壤细菌微生物群落丰富度大于表层土壤细菌微生物群落丰富度。覆土修复下的土壤微生物中不同季节的优势物种具有较高的一致性,均以Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Actinobacteriota(放线菌门)、Acidobacteriota(酸杆菌门)、Bacteroidota(拟杆菌门)为优势菌门。FAPROTAX基因预测表明,群落功能主要由化学异养(chemoheterotrophy)、好氧异养(aerobic_chemoheterotrophy)、几丁质降解(chitinolysis)、动物寄生虫或共生(animal_parasites_or_symbionts)、与人相关(human_associated)、发酵(fermentation)、硝酸盐还原(nitrate_reduction)、固氮(nitrogen_fixation)等20多个功能组成,其中化学异养、好氧异养在修复过程中可能是起到关键作用。

Cover remediation plays an important role in the remediation of environmental pollution,and there are currently few studies on the seasonal changes of soil microbial communities under cladding remediation.In order to deeply analyze the succession of soil bacterial microbial communities with seasons under cover remediation,the bacterial microbial community structures of soil layers with a depth of 0.1 m and 1 m were analyzed based on high-throughput sequencing methods based on the cover restoration area of a polluted site in Changzhou City.The results showed that the structure and diversity of microbial communities in the soil environment of the site changed significantly with the seasons,among which the composition of bacterial microbial communities in the soil was the most abundant in summer,the species abundance was highest in autumn,and the diversity and abundance of bacterial microbial communities in the winter soil were the lowest.The abundance of bacterial microbial communities in deep soil was greater than that in surface soil in all seasons.The dominant species in different seasons of soil microorganisms under soil remediation had high consistency,and Proteobacteria,Actinobacteriota,Acidobacteriota and Bacteroidota were the dominant bacteria.FAPROTAX gene prediction suggests that community function is mainly composed of chemoheterotrophy,aerobic_chemoheterotrophy,chitinolysis,animal_parasites_or_symbionts,human_associated,fermentation,nitrate reduction,nitrogen fixation.There are more than 20 functional components such as reduction and nitrogen_fixation,of which chemoheterotrophy and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy may play a key role in the repair process.