弓网关系缩比模型设计方法研究

Study on the method of scaled model of interaction relationship between catenary and pantograph

当列车运行速度提高时,受轮轨振动及气动激扰的影响,接触网波动和受电弓振动加剧,弓网受流质量变差,甚至产生离线。受实际情况或场地因素的影响,在实际线路和现有实验平台上难以全面分析各影响因素对受流特性的影响。为了能够从小场地对列车高速运行时的弓网关系进行研究,全面分析各因素对受流特性的影响,开展弓网缩比模型设计方法的研究。主要是基于相似理论,提出针对简单链形接触网与受电弓的缩比系数计算方法。然后,基于缩比系数的计算结果,结合实际材料属性对弓网关系的影响程度,选取缩比模型的关键参数的相似关系,提出基于实际材料的几何相似和几何不相似模型的设计方法及设计参数。最后,基于原模型和缩比模型的结构参数,采用有限元法,在仿真软件中建立弓网耦合模型,并从静态和动态特性角度验证缩比模型的合理性。研究结果表明,缩比模型的接触网刚度分布、固有频率、接触力、离线特性参数等静态和动态参量的变化规律与原模型的变化规律基本一致,且误差均处于可以接受的范围。说明本文提出的缩比系数计算方法及弓网缩比模型的设计方法及结果是合理的,可以进一步应用到高速铁路弓网关系研究中,亦可为弓网缩比实验平台的构建提供理论方法。

When the train speed increases,the quality of pantograph-catenary current collection diminishes,and even offline occurs.Due to the influence of wheel rail vibration and aerodynamic excitation,the pantograph-catenary vibration increases.It is difficult to comprehensively analyze the impact of influencing factors on current collection characteristics on actual lines and existing experimental platforms affected by actual conditions or site factors.Therefore,this paper presented a study on the design method of pantograph-catenary scaled model to conduct experimental research on the relationship between pantograph and catenary during high-speed train operation from a small site,and comprehensively analyzed the impact of the factors on current collection characteristics.The main method was proposed based on the similarity theory and a calculation method for the scaled coefficient of simple catenary-pantograph.Then,the similarity relationship of key parameters of the scaled model was selected,and designed methods and parameters based on geometric similarity and geometric dissimilarity models of actual materials were proposed based on the calculation results of the scaled coefficient and the degree of influence of actual material properties on the pantograph-catenary relationship.Finally,based on the structural parameters of the original model and the scaled model,a pantograph-catenary model was established in the simulation software using the finite element method,and the rationality of the scaled model was verified from the perspective of static and dynamic characteristics.The results show that the variation rules in static and dynamic parameters such as catenary stiffness,natural frequency,contact force and offline characteristic parameters of the scaled model are basically consistent with those of the original model,and the error is within an acceptable range.This indicates that the calculation method of the scaled coefficient and the design method and results of the pantograph-catenary scaled model proposed in this paper are reasonable and can be further applied to the study of the pantograph-catenary relationship of high-speed railway,and a theoretical method is also provided for the construction of the pantograph-catenary reduction experimental platform.