马克思“现实的人”的三重维度——基于历史唯物主义的视域

The Triple Dimensions of Marx's"Realistic Man"——Based on Historical Materialism

考问“人的存在”是哲学的永恒议题。历史唯物主义正是对人的本质作出正确阐述才彰显出它的科学性内涵。马克思从现实性、本质性及发展性等角度对人的存在样态进行了理论思索,全面立体展现出“人”的内容。“现实的人”概念是历史唯物主义的理论生长点,对这一概念有效展开所形成的对社会结构性和历史性问题的审视,又是批判理论的旨趣所在。基于历史唯物主义的分析视角,可概括出马克思“现实的人”具有三重内蕴:劳动(实践)构成了人的现实存在;社会关系确证了人的本质存在;自由时间发展出人的积极存在。梳理“现实的人”在不同语境所表达的问题关切,有助于深化马克思历史唯物主义及资本批判理论的研究。

The question of"human existence"is an eternal topic in philosophy.Historical materialism highlights its scientific connotation precisely by correctly elaborating on the essence of human beings.Marx theoretically pondered the existence of human beings from the perspectives of reality,essentiality,and development,comprehensively and stereoscopically presenting the content of'human'.The concept of"real people"is the theoretical growth point of historical materialism,and the effective implementation of this concept forms an examination of social structural and historical issues,which is also the essence of critical theory.Based on the perspective of historical materialism,it can be summarized that Marx's"real human"has three connotations:labor(practice)constitutes the real existence of human beings;social relations confirm the essential existence of human beings;and free time develops a positive human existence.Sorting out the concerns expressed by"real people"in different contexts can help deepen the research of Marxist historical materialism and capital critique theory.