论高压触电案件责任主体界定标准

On the Definition Standard for Subject of Responsibility in High Voltage Electric Shock Cases

高压触电致人损害案件的赔偿主体如何界定一直都是理论界与实务界的难题。以立法学角度观之,是因为不同部门及位阶的法律规范之间存在大量冲突。而择法教义学角度分析,是司法者机械解释“经营者”等不确定概念,未能回归高度危险理论来探究“经营者”的本质内涵所致。实际上,高压电能一样具有观念上的产权,当高压触电事故发生时,应当由高压电能产权人以及高压电能载体产权人共同承担无过错侵权责任。无论是高压电能的生产主体、还是销售主体抑或是使用主体,三者皆可“实际控制”高压电能运行,具体由何者承担,应当根据具体的电能交易形式进行责任判定。

It has always been a difficult problem in the theoretical and practical fields to define the subject of compensation in the case of injury caused by high-voltage electric shock.From the legislative perspective,there are a lot of conflicts between legal norms of different departments and levels.The analysis from the perspective of the doctrine of choice of law is the result of the judiciary's mechanical interpretation of uncertain concepts such as"operator"and its failure to return to the theory of high risk to explore the essence of"operator".In fact,high voltage electric energy also has conceptual property rights.When a high voltage electric shock accident occurs,the owner of the high voltage electric energy and the owner of the high voltage electric energy carrier should jointly bear the liability of no fault infringement.The production subject,the sales subject and the user of high voltage electric energy can"actually control"the operation of high voltage electric energy.The specific responsibility shall be determined according to the specific form of electric energy trading.