“清朗”行动对“饭圈”粉丝行为的规训效果、局限及其逻辑——基于“后全景敞视主义”对微博“饭圈”的观察

Effects,Limitations and Logic of“Clear”Action on the Discipline of Fans’Behavior in the“Fandom”:An Observation of the Weibo Fandom Based on Post-Panopticism Theory

面对“饭圈”乱象频发,中央网信办启动“清朗”行动,以整顿“饭圈”风气。基于后全景敞视主义理论,对微博“饭圈”中的粉丝行为进行实证观察后发现,“清朗”行动启动以后粉丝行为确实发生了改变。“饭圈”日常打卡的变化、粉丝维权行为的理智化和“饭圈”冲突的温和化都显示了政策的规训效果。但是,“清朗”行动也存在一些局限,表现在粉丝发明“饭圈”用语以逃避监视、将规则扭曲成网暴工具、以违反“清朗”行动为由互相攻讦。这背后的深层逻辑是:基于数据流的液态监控、去中心化权力结构及个体的自我监视,会构造出一个“后全景敞式”空间,粉丝在重重监视之下一方面会改变原有行为方式,遵循新规则,另一面也会巧妙地躲避乃至利用监视。专项行动只是一时之计,要彻底肃清“饭圈”乱象,必须在“饭圈”建立长效约束机制,为“饭圈”治理提供法律、技术和文化保障。

In view of the frequent occurrence of chaos in the fans circle,the state has taken the“Clear”action to rectify the fandom cultur.Based on the theory of“post-panopticism”,an empirical observation of the behavior of fans in the Weibo fandom reveals that fans’behavior has indeed changed after the implementation of the“Clear”action.The change in the daily clocking in fans circle,the rationalisation of fans’rights protection and the gentleness of fans circle conflicts all show the effect of the policy on discipline.However,there are some limitations to the“Clear”action,including fans inventing new terms to avoid surveillance,twisting the rules into a tool for online violence,and attacking each other for violating“Clear”action.The deeper logic behind it is that liquid surveillance based on data streams,decentralised power structures and individual self-surveillance can create a“post-panopticism”space where fans will change their behaviour and follow new rules under heavy surveillance on the one hand,and cleverly avoid and even use surveillance on the other.The special action is only a temporary solution.In order to completely clean up the mess in the fans circle,a long-term restraint mechanism must be established,providing legal,technical and cultural guarantees for its governance.