技能型社会背景下“技能”的新意涵、维度与形成路径的优化

The New Connotation,Dimension and Formation Path Optimization of"Skill"under the Background of Skill⁃Based Society

造就高技能人才、推进技能型社会建设是国家经济社会高质量发展的重大战略。技能型社会背景下,“技能”具有新的意蕴,其不仅存在于技术知识中,也承载于关系与制度中。在不同的国家战略和研究视角下技能的维度和呈现形式有所不同,不同国家对技能也提出了新的要求。基于技能在职业发展中的作用,提出职业精神技能、功能性技能、专业性技能、可迁移性技能、可持续发展技能五个维度的技能观;并从厘清技能形成的制度环境、构建技能发展网络、创设基于数字技术的课程体系三方面提出了技能培养的优化路径。

Cultivating highly skilled talents and promoting the construction of a skilled society are major strategies for the high⁃quality development of national socio⁃economic development.In the context of a skilled society,'skills'have new meanings.Skills not only exist in technical knowledge,but also carry relationships and systems.The dimensions and presentation forms of skills vary under different national strategies and research perspectives,and different countries have put forward new requirements for skills.Based on the role of skills in career development,a skill perspective is proposed in five dimensions:professional spiritual skills,functional skills,professional skills,transferable skills,and sustainable development skills.And from aspects of clarifying the institutional environment for skill formation,constructing a skill development network,and creating a curriculum system based on digital technology,the optimization path for skill cultivation is suggested.