农户家庭禀赋、非农就业与总收入——基于黄河中上游地区农户调研数据

Household endowment,non-agricultural employment,and the total income of farmers:Based on a survey data of households in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River basin

探究家庭禀赋对农户收入的影响与作用机制,对推进黄河流域中上游地区农户非农就业、农户增收具有重要意义。本文利用黄河流域中上游地区1770份农户微观调研数据,采用OLS、分位数回归模型,探讨家庭禀赋对农户收入及不同收入水平农户的影响,并采用中介效应模型检验非农就业在家庭禀赋与农户收入之间的中介作用。研究表明:1)家庭禀赋对农户收入均具有显著的影响,其中家庭经济资本的影响最为显著,其次是家庭自然资本,最后是家庭人力资本和家庭社会资本。2)家庭禀赋对不同收入水平农户具有不同的影响差异,且对中高收入水平农户均具有显著正向影响。3)非农就业在家庭人力资本与农户收入和家庭经济资本与收入之间存在中介效应,中介效应占比分别为19.0%和6.4%。因此,为促进农户增收,建议充分考虑农户家庭禀赋水平,要大力培养“爱农业、懂技术、善经营”的新型职业农民,不断丰富和拓宽农户的信息获取渠道;其次要重视低收入水平农户养老服务建设,加大政策扶持力度和资金支持;最后大力发展地区特色产业,积极鼓励农户非农创业,实现劳动力就近就业。

Exploring the influence and mechanism of family endowment on farmers’income is of great significance for promoting non-agricultural employment and increasing farmers’income in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin.Based on a microscopic survey data of 1770 farmers in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin,and applying the OLS and quantile regression models,this paper explored the impacts of family endowment on farmers’income and farmers at different income levels and the mediating effect between endowment and household income.Results show:1)Family endowment has a significant impact on household income,of which the impact of family economic capital is the most significant,followed by family natural capital,and finally family human capital and family social capital;2)Household endowments have different effects on farming households at different income levels and have a significant positive effect on both middle and high income levels;3)Non-agricultural employment has an intermediary effect between family human capital and household income and between family economic capital and income,accounting for 19.0%and 6.4%respectively.Therefore,to promote income generation for farmers,this paper suggests:fully taking into account the level of farmers’household endowment,vigorously cultivating the new types of professional farmers who“love agriculture,know technology and are good at business management”,and continually enriching and broadening farmers’access to information.In addition,this paper also suggests to pay attention to the construction of pension services for low-income level farm households,to increase policy support and financial support,and vigorously pursue the development of regional characteristic industries and actively encourage non-farming entrepreneurship of farm households to realize the employment of the labor force in the vicinity.